انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 Evaluating the effect of simultaneous occurrence of Quasi-Biennial Oscillation phases with North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation phases on Iran's winter temperature ارزیابی تأثیر رخداد هم‌زمان فازهای نوسانات شبه‌دوسالانه با فازهای نوسان اطلس شمالی و نوسان شمالگان بر دمای زمستانه ایران 1 20 708852 FA برومند صلاحی استاد جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. 0000-0003-4826-6185 وحید خجسته غلامی دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، شهر اردبیل، ایران. 0000-0002-9580-4903 Journal Article 2023 06 26 Extended Abstract Introduction Earth's climate is not constant, and environmental changes are the result of changing climate systems. Temperature is one of the basic elements in climate and its change can cause changes in the climate structure of other regions. In atmospheric sciences, the relationship between circulation patterns in distant places and their relationship with the climate of different regions is called teleconnection. Teleconnection indices are known as factors affecting the climate on a large scale, and their effects on precipitation and temperature have been studied. The quasi-biennial oscillation is one of the main components on a global scale in the mantle layer with an average period of 26 months and is considered one of the main components in short-term climate fluctuations. The North Atlantic Oscillation indicates the westerly winds over the Atlantic Ocean, indicating the pressure difference between the northern latitudes (Iceland region) and the temperate latitudes (Azores region). The Arctic Oscillation is one of the most prominent patterns of sea level pressure changes in high latitudes (20° Northern Hemisphere). Considering the geographical location of Iran and consequently the influence of different weather masses from high latitudes, it is essential to know the factors affecting the climate of this region. The main aim of this study is to determine the role of the simultaneous occurrence of QBO with NAO and AO teleconnections on winter temperature in Iran. Methodology In this study, the average monthly temperature data of 100 selected stations in Iran obtained from the Iranian Meteorological Organization (IMO) and Tele-connection indices including QBO, NAO, and AO extracted from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Organization (NOAA) for a statistical period of 30 years (1988-2019) were investigated. First, all data were sorted by weather seasons (December–January and February). To determine the Pearson correlation coefficient, monthly data as the dependent variable and Tele-connection indices as the independent variable were analyzed in STATISTICA software. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of North Atlantic Ocean Oscillations and Atlantic Oscillations with Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, their positive and negative phases were identified. In this way, for North Atlantic Ocean Oscillations and Atlantic Oscillation numbers less than -0.5 negative phase, numbers between 0.5 and -0.5 neutral phase, and more than 0.5 were considered positive phase. Considering that the range of changes in the cycle of quasi-biennial fluctuations is very large, in order to determine the phases of this cycle, after standardizing the existing values, its positive and negative phases were determined. In the next step, the monthly temperature anomalies for the mentioned months were calculated and their spatial distribution was zoned using the Inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. Results and Discussion The results of the research indicate that there is an inverse and significant relationship between the positive QBO phases and February temperature in most of the northern and western regions so, the highest correlation coefficient was calculated at Ilam station as -0.81. There is a significant inverse relationship between NAO and AO teleconnection with temperature in northern and western parts, especially in February and January, so the highest correlation coefficient up to -0.66 with the Arctic Oscillation index was observed in Tabriz station. The warmest and coldest winters of the statistical period coincided with the simultaneous occurrence of negative and positive phases of NAO and AO (the very warm winter of 2010 and the very cold winter of 2008). The coincidence of the positive phases of NAO and AO with positive phases of QBO causes normal and subnormal temperatures in most regions of the country, especially in the eastern half. Contrary to this situation, the coincidence of the positive phases of NAO and AO with the negative phases of quasi-biennial fluctuations has no coherent and regular effect on temperature changes. The coincidence of the negative phases of NAO, and AO with the negative phases of QBO causes normal and higher-than-normal temperatures in most of the western half of Iran, especially in the northwest so, the warmest winters of the statistical period have happened in this case (December 2009, January and February 2010). The coincidence of the positive phases of North Atlantic Oscillations and Arctic Oscillations with the neutral phases of quasi-biennial oscillations provides the conditions for the occurrence of below-normal temperatures in most parts of Iran, especially in the western parts of Iran. If, contrary to this situation, the coincidence of the negative phases of the North Atlantic oscillations and the Arctic Oscillations with the neutral phases of the quasi-biennial oscillations does not have a tangible effect on the winter temperature anomaly, and only the possibility of a temperature much warmer than normal seems unlikely. Conclusion The results showed that the simultaneous occurrence of positive phases of NAO and AO with positive phases of QBO causes normal and lower-than-normal temperatures in half of eastern Iran. The coincidence of the negative phases of NAO and AO with the negative phases of QBO causes higher-than-normal temperatures in most of the western half of Iran. Also, the simultaneous occurrence of neutral phases of QBO with positive phases of NAO and AO causes normal and lower-than-normal temperatures in most regions of Iran except the southern and southeastern parts. If exactly opposite to this situation, the simultaneous occurrence of neutral phases of QBO with negative phases of NAO and AO does not have a noticeable effect on temperature changes, and only the possibility of much hotter than normal temperatures in these conditions seems unlikely. افت و خیز دما کم‌وبیش تحت تأثیر دورپیوندها می‌باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی نقش هم‌زمان دورپیوندهای نوسان اطلس شمالی و نوسان شمالگان با نوسانات شبه‌دوسالانه بر دمای فصل زمستان در ایران است. بدین منظور از داده‌های دمایی 100 ایستگاه هواشناسی در دوره آماری 2019-1988 استفاده شد. ضرایب همبستگی میان داده‌های دورپیوندی QBO، NAO و AO با دمای ماهانه محاسبه شد. سپس حالات ممکن برای رخداد هم‌زمان الگوهای دورپیوند تعیین شد و بی‌هنجاری دمایی برای حالات تعیین شده با ترسیم نمودار و نقشه در محیط GIS تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که ارتباط معکوس و معنی‌داری بین فازهای مثبت نوسانات شبه‌دوسالانه با دمای ماه فوریه در اغلب مناطق شمالی و غربی وجود دارد بطوریکه بیشترین ضریب همبستگی در ایستگاه ایلام به مقدار 81/0- محاسبه گردید. همچنین ارتباط معکوس و معنی‌داری بین دورپیوندهای NAO و به‌ویژه AO با دمای نیمه شمالی و غربی بخصوص در ماه‌های ژانویه و فوریه مشاهده گردید. هم‌زمانی رخداد فازهای منفی (مثبت) NAO و AO با فازهای منفی (مثبت) QBO موجب وقوع دمای بیشتر از نرمال (نرمال و کمتر از نرمال) در نیمه ‌غربی (شرقی) می‌شود. بطوریکه گرم‌ترین زمستان‌های دوره‌ی آماری در هنگام رخداد هم‌زمان فازهای منفی NAO، AO و QBO اتفاق افتاده است. از طرفی رخداد هم‌زمان فازهای خنثای QBO با فازهای مثبت NAO و AO موجب وقوع دمای نرمال و کمتر از نرمال در اغلب مناطق به‌جز بخش‌های جنوبی و جنوب شرقی می‌شود در صورتیکه بر خلاف این حالت، هم‌زمانی فازهای خنثای QBO با فازهای منفی NAO و AO موجب عدم رخداد ناهنجاری شدید دمایی شده و احتمال وقوع دمای بیشتر از نرمال با شدت بالا بعید به نظر می‌رسد.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_708852_98760a45a2704293d1d919d5c5d3bb79.pdf

انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 Comparative assessment of environmental quality of the inefficient fabrics of Tehran city (Case study: The neighborhoods of Region 3 in District 17 of Tehran Municipality) ارزیابی تطبیقی کیفیت محیط در بافت‌ناکارآمد شهر تهران (مورد مطالعه: محله های ناحیه 3 از منطقه 17 شهرداری تهران) 21 37 710057 FA حبیب اله فصیحی دانشیار برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-0672-0944 طاهر پریزادی دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2023 07 09 Extended Abstract Introduction The assessment of the quality of the urban environment is a mighty effective tool in urban planning and management because it can provide more specific information about the state of the living environment in any city. Also, it can be a rich source to inform people about the quality of the environment in which they live. Measuring the quality of the urban living environment is the first step to managing it. Urban managers, urban planners, and policymakers become aware of the shortcomings, needs and priorities of the urban environment, and are guided to the optimal management of the city and its development as they evaluate the quality of the living environment in cities. Assessing the quality of the urban environment can provide a deeper knowledge of the urban situation so that urban planning will lead to sustainable development. This research seeks to reveal a perspective of the quality of the environment and its spatial differences on a micro-scale by evaluating and comparing the quality of the environment in four deprived neighborhoods located in the south of Tehran. The results of this research can be useful for local managers and for targeting projects in line with priority issues. Methodology In this research, two types of data are used as follows: Documentary data (quantitative data) obtained from statistical documents such as the Final Results of the 2016 Iranian Public Census of Population and Housing (population blocks), the GIS file of land use parcels that are updated by the researchers through field observations, unpublished statistics that are received from a few offices especially the Municipality of Tehran and it’s sub-organizations such as the Organization of Parks and Green Spaces, the Organization for Beautification of Tehran City, the Organization of Crisis Prevention and Management, the Organization of Transportation and Traffic. Sample people including 378 out of 28,235 household heads who are living in the four studied neighborhoods are selected randomly to respond to the questions. A questionnaire is set to gather data from sample people. It has 26 questions which were evaluated by the sample people in 5 ranges from very good to very weak. The evaluations are then corresponded to the figures from 1 to 5 to enter into SPSS software. The status of environment quality is calculated as a percentage of the optimum situation based on the following function: Q = Si /5*100 Where Q is the score of each index (percentage of the optimum state (and Si is the score of each index (in the ranges from 1 to 5(. The study area includes 4 neighborhoods located in the Area 3 of District 17 of Tehran municipality. It has an area of 243.4 hectares and a population of 82429 people. Results and Discussion The mean score of 45.7% for all 54 indicators indicates a weak position of quality of livingenvironment for the study area. 11 indicators are included in the category of “environmental indicators” whose average score is 50.7% of the optimal state. The same scores for the 16 indicators that are set as “physical indicators” and 28 indicators that are set as “social-welfare” are 45.2% and 44.0% respectively. It indicates a better condition in “environmental indicators” than those for the two categories. The average score of 5 indicators out of the total of 54 indicators is higher than 70% of the optimal state. These have the highest score and are as follows: “the area of the home (per capita)”, “the area of religious place (per capita)”, “the percentage of the places which are connected to urban sewerage network”, “the proportion of plots with an area of 50 m2 or less”, and “the proportion of land using for education”. The neighborhood of Boloorsazi with a score of 50.7% of the optimum state shows a relatively better quality of environment than the other neighborhoods. After that, in the neighborhoods of Bagh-e Khazaneh, Abuzar, and Moghaddam, the environmental quality scores are 47.1%, 46.8%, and 38.2% respectively. Conclusion It can be concluded that the studied area has not provided suitable and standard conditions in terms of environmental, physical, economic, social, and cultural for the residents. These neighborhoods have been formed in an unplanned manner with the rapid migration of low-income families and are therefore facing shortages and problems in terms of services, facilities, infrastructures, and living conditions. To improve the quality of the environment in the studied neighborhoods, the following measures are suggested: 1. Facilitating the rules and regulations to speed up the renovation of dilapidated buildings; 2. Organizing and transferring economic activities that interfere with habitation and using the obtained lands for compatible, necessary and job-creating uses; 3. Accelerating the implementation of the plan to subdue the remaining suburban railway track; and 4. Taking advantage of the capacities of semi-public and semi-private spaces such as schoolyards and mosques for the extension of green spaces, green roofs, and green walls. سنجش کیفیت محیط زندگی شهری اولین مرحله در اداره کردن و مدیریت آن است. هدف این تحقیق، ارزیابی کیفیت محیط شهری در چهار محله از منطقه 17 شهرداری تهران به عنوان نمونه‌هایی از بافت های ناکارآمد جنوب شهرتهران است. در این زمینه، 55 شاخص مورد استفاده قرار گرفته که داده های 29 شاخص از اسناد آماری و منابع مکتوب به دست آمده و بقیه با پیمایش کسب شده‌اند. نمونه آماری بنا به مدل کوکران به تعداد 378 سرپرست خانوار از روی جامعه آماری 28235 خانوار ساکن محلات تعیین شده است. داده‌های پیمایشی با ابزار پرسشنامه گردآوری شده‌اند. داده‌های دستة نخست، با توجه به رقم‌های استاندارد، با دامنه ارقام 5-1 انطباق یافته و با داده‌های پیمایشی هم سو و هم مقیاس شده‌اند. سطح کیفیت محیط برای هر شاخص به صورت درصدی از شرایط مطلوب محاسبه شده و مبنای تحلیل قرار گرفته است. یافته ها دلالت بر وضعیت نامطلوب کیفیت محیط در محلات مورد مطالعه دارند. وضعیت نسبی بهتر از آن 11 شاخص محیط زیستی است که تقریباً نیمی از شرایط مطلوب در آنها مشهود است. کالبد محلات همه از نظر تخصیص کاربری های عمومی و خدماتی، کاستی دارند. محلة مقدم پایین ترین و محلة بلورسازی بالاترین رقم کیفیت محیط را در تمامی ابعاد دارا هستند. برای ارتقاء کیفیت محیط تسریع در نوسازی بافت با تسهیل مقررات و استفاده از فضای آزاد شده از با به زیربردن خط های آهن برون شهری که در حال حاضر معارضات قضایی دارد و نیز بهزیر بردن بخش باقی مانده از خطوط ریلی که از محلات گذر می کنند، توصیه می‌گردد.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_710057_659a1670a9c085be7137778966166365.pdf

انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 The effects of social entrepreneurial activities on the empowerment of villagers covered by the relief committee (Case of study: Villages of Bowanat city) اثرات فعالیت های کارآفرینانه اجتماعی بر توانمندسازی روستاییان تحت پوشش کمیته امداد (مورد مطالعه: روستاهای شهرستان بوانات) 39 62 710490 FA حمدالله سجاسی قیداری دانشیار جغرافیای روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. 0000-0001-9456-7312 ولی اله نظری استادیار گروه آموزش جغرافیا، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-2729-7073 مهدی معصومی جشن دانش آموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی،دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2023 08 10 Extended Abstract Introduction Management is the coordination of material and human resources to achieve goals, and many other definitions have added words such as increasing efficiency, directing, and combining science and art to the above definitions. But it can be said that there is a common point in all of them that they mentioned the management of financial and human resources together. This is while the management of financial resources exists on its own and has many uses, and it may be related to the management of human resources. On the other hand, management is a technique as well as a skill with experience in order to organize the affairs of a system, and the concept of supervision comes to mind. However, in another statement from Mintzberg's point of view, management has a different definition, he believes. who equates management with the responsibility of a group and says: "A manager, according to my definition, is someone who is responsible for the entire organization or a separate and identifiable part of the organization. With all that has been said about management and its different definitions in It has been stated in different cultures that management, while applying its management conditions, must also have sufficient management skills to be able to use their skills to successfully apply their experiences in the field of management. Therefore, some managers in villages and rural settlements are Their management practices are based on local knowledge as well as acquired knowledge from government education and they make extra efforts to improve the conditions of the villages under their supervision. Accordingly, a successful manager with rural skills is a manager who is familiar with the rules of management in the village. It makes the necessary use of the opinions and experiences of others in this field in order to provide the best possible conditions for the excellence and growth of the rural settlement. The nearby settlements should surpass themselves and the settlement itself should be transformed into a first-class rural settlement with excellent quality and growth rate with the skillful thoughts of the local manager. This is important in remote villages and villages adjacent to cities. and cities are also trying to train local managers with a sustainable development approach in order to achieve happiness and human well-being in rural areas, the results of which in the past years indicate that this practice and program has been successful. Therefore, this important point should be pointed out. It is necessary for the successful performance of managers at different levels to have management skills. Therefore, local rural managers with management skills can guide rural management towards the new goals of sustainable development. Methodology The aim of the present research was to measure the possession of management skills by local managers and it was able to achieve new research results by measuring different indicators in the researched case sample. He also pointed out that on this basis, this research is applied research in terms of its purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of its implementation method. Regarding the collection of standard data, during the process of conducting the research, for data collection Library and field studies have been used in the target community which is Karat village of Taibad city. The sample size studied using Cochran's formula was 350 households in 9 rural areas of Karat village in Taibad city. Results and Discussion In the present research, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the studied villages of Taibad County, Karat Dehistan, in terms of having management skills. Also, the results of Friedman's test showed that the share of social skills of rural managers with an average of 4.21 is higher compared to other skills among the studied villages and has a different share compared to other skill measurement indicators. In the continuation of the examination and comparison of management skills between two groups of local managers (Shura and Dehiar), the present research showed that the average of the two groups of local managers in having management skills does not have a significant difference. Conclusion Finally, the results of the Vaikor decision making model showed that the managers of Koh Abad village and Farman Abad village were ranked first and last in terms of having management skills compared to other studied villages and provided better conditions in obtained in the statistical community. With this description of the situation of the management skills of the two villages that got the most points, the research shows that the two villages of Koh Abad and Farman Abad have the least challenges in terms of their management skill. بیان مساله: توسعه پایدار از موضوعات مهم در دنیای امروز جهت دستیابی به رشد کشورها تلقی میشود که در سطح جهان و کشورهای رشد یافته توجه جدی به آن می گردد و از این رو امروزه جهت دستیابی به پارادایم توسعه ی پایدار روستایی، برنامه ریزان روستایی بیش از هر چیز بر توانمندسازی گروه‌های هدف (فقیران، زنان بی سرپرست، کارگران بی زمین، کشاورزان خرده پا) تاکید دارند. به طوری که برای مبارزه با فقر و نابرابری‌های درآمدی و توانمندسازی اقشار جامعه روستایی، سازمانها و نهادهای رفاهی متعددی در قالب راهبردهای حمایتی ایجاد شده که از جمله آنها فعالیتهای نهاد خیریه کمیته امداد است. در این راستا هدف تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی اثرات توانمندسازانه فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه اجتماعی نهاد خیریه کمیته امداد در بین مدد جویان تحت پوشش در مناطق روستایی شهرستان بوانات، استان فارس می باشد.روش:این تحقیق به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر، شامل خانوارهای روستایی، تحت پوشش در شهرستان بوانات میباشد، که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 128 خانوار به عنوان جامعه نمونه تعیین گردید. برای تحقق اهداف مورد نظر، ضمن مطالعات اسنادی، طیف گسترده‌ای از شاخص ها با ابعاد خودتعیینی، اعتماد به نفس، شایستگی، تاثیر و معناداری تعیین و در چارچوب مطالعات میدانی (تکمیل پرسشنامه ها و فرم‌های مشاهدات میدانی) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون های کندال، اسپیرمن و T تک نمونه ای در نرم افزار SPSS استفاده گردیده است. یافته‌های پژوهش مؤید آن است که، میزان اثرات توانمندسازانه فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه اجتماعی نهاد خیریه کمیته امداد در تمامی ابعاد مورد بررسی بالاتر از میانه ی نظری (3) است.نتایج آزمون ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن نشان داد که، بین ابعاد خودتعیینی، شایستگی و تاثیر و متغیرهای میزان درآمد ماهانه خانوارها و سطح تحصیلات رابطه مثبت و معنی داری در سطح 0/05 درصد وجود دارد.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_710490_ebf6fd139a3bee9dbcb8b00b9f4e6a8b.pdf

انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 Presenting a fitting model of hydropolitical challenges around economic security (case study: Bushehr province) ارائه الگوی برازش چالش‌های هیدروپلیتیکی پیرامون امنیت اقتصادی (مطالعه موردی: استان بوشهر) 63 84 709146 FA سیدمحمود علوی دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-7682-6891 بهادر زارعی دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. یاشار ذکی دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-7117-0360 سیدموسی حسینی دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0000-0001-7161-8711 Journal Article 2023 09 27 Extended Abstract Introduction Water is an element whose presence is necessary for economic development, food production, improvement of living standards and health, survival of living organisms, etc. Lack of access to fresh water endangers food security and social and economic well-being. As one of the dry and semi-arid countries of the world in the Middle East region, Iran is one of the countries facing water shortage. Due to the rapid growth of the urban population, the quantitative and physical growth of industries, industrialization, and traditional agriculture that consumes a lot of water in Iran has created many hydro-political and environmental challenges. Being located in the arid and semi-arid region of the south of the country, Bushehr province receives a large part of its water needs from the water resources of the neighboring provinces of Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, with successive droughts and little and irregular rainfall, thus it is facing a water challenge. Due to the existing conditions and the reduction of water resources in the neighboring provinces, there is a possibility of water cuts and conflicts, and hydro-political tensions within and outside the province. The lack of water, in addition to its effect on economic security and the creation of local and regional tensions, has faced a problem in the development process of this province and has led to the emergence of various insecurities in the province. It is predicted that if this trend continues, the province will face more hydro-political challenges in the future. The present study aims to present a fitting model of hydro-political challenges surrounding the economic security of Bushehr province. This research seeks to answer the question: Is the empirically reproduced pattern of hydro political challenges surrounding the economic security of Bushehr province adequate? Methodology In terms of the purpose, the present research is applied in terms of exploratory nature and in terms of mixed data, which means that in the qualitative phase of the research, semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of water and political geography, as well as indirect observation (reading of texts) were used. In the quantitative phase of the research, a survey study was used to collect data. Then, based on the organized themes of the qualitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed in the form of a five-point Likert scale, and after validation and reliability, 165 experts in the field of water and political geography of Bushehr province were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. completed Finally, after coding, the research data were extracted and tested and interpreted using SPSS26 and Smart PLS statistical software in two sections, descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Results and Discussion The findings of the research have been made in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, after analyzing the texts and semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of water and political geography, they have been analyzed, after the discovery and calculation of the conceptual model of the components of the hydropolitical challenges of Bushehr province, as well as the economic security indicators of Bushehr province, have been drawn. In the quantitative part, the data obtained from the questionnaire resulting from the qualitative phase of the research, which were distributed among the experts of the investigated organizations in Bushehr province; After coding, they were extracted and transferred to SPSS26 and Smart PLS software and analyzed and interpreted in two parts: descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The independent variable of hydropolitical challenges of Bushehr province with 45.466 (with a test average or cut-off line of 36) and the dependent variable of economic security indicators with 80.392 (with a test average or cut-off line of 63) is above the average level, and therefore it indicates that The amount of hydropolitical challenges in Bushehr province is relatively high; Because this rate is higher than the standard level determined based on the total number of measured questions. The second and third hypotheses of the research have been confirmed at the error level of 0.01. But the first hypothesis considering that the T test value is below 1.96; Not confirmed. Conclusion The descriptive findings of the research show that the independent variable of the hydropolitical challenges of Bushehr province is the average of 45.466 and its dimensions include extra-provincial hydropolitical challenges with an average of 6.406 and intra-provincial hydropolitical challenges with an average of 39.060 and the dependent variable of economic security indicators with an average of 80.3925 in the studied statistical population are higher than the test average or the cut-off line. Therefore, they are not in a favorable situation, because their level is higher than the standard level determined based on the total number of questions measured by the variables. The inferential findings of the research also show; the first hypothesis of the research "there is a significant effect between extra-provincial hydropolitical challenges and the economic security of the province" according to its T value of 0.848 is less than 1.96 and its significance level is greater than 0.05, so this hypothesis is rejected. The second hypothesis of the research "there is a significant effect between hydropolitical challenges within the province and the economic security of the province" its T value is 3.220 which is greater than 2.58. Therefore, its significance level is smaller than 0.01. As a result, the second hypothesis is confirmed. The third hypothesis of the research "there is a significant effect between extra-provincial hydropolitical challenges and intra-provincial hydropolitical challenges" and its T value is equal to 3.04, which shows that its significance level is smaller than 0.01. As a result, the third hypothesis is also confirmed. Therefore, according to the goodness of fit of this model, which is equal to 0.198, the general hypothesis of the research that the model of the effect of the hydropolitical challenges of Bushehr province on the economic prosperity of the province has the required fit, is confirmed. استان بوشهر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ افزایش ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘ، فرایند ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ شدن، ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺭﺵ، ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ و ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ چالش‌های هیدروپلیتیکی روبرو است. پژوهش حاضر در صدد ارائه الگوی برازش چالش‌های هیدروپلیتیکی پیرامون امنیت اقتصادی استان بوشهر است. روش این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی، از نظر ماهیت اکتشافی و از نظر داده ترکیبی است، به این ترتیب که داده‌های کیفی پژوهش از طریق واکاوی متون و رجوع به خبرگان به‌وسیلة ابزار مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ ساختار‌یافته که از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری نظری انتخاب شده بودند گردآوری گردید. در فاز کمی پژوهش، داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامة محقق‌ساخته به کمک 165 نفر از کارشناسان حوزة آب و جغرافیای استان با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چند ‌مرحله‌ای انتخاب شده بودند، جمع‌آوری گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل این پژوهش در دو بخش کیفی و کمی صورت گرفته است. در بخش کیفی از تحلیل مضمون و از طریق فرایند کدگذاری نظری در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، کدگذاری محوری و کدگذاری گزینشی انجام شده است. در بخش کمی با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و Smart-PLS در دو بخش تحلیل توصیفی و تحلیل استنباطی داده‌ها انجام شده است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش در بخش کیفی نشان می‌دهد که دو نوع چالش هیدروپلیتیکی برون استانی و درون استانی تأثیرگذار بر امنیت اقتصادی استان، قابل تبیین است، و در بخش کمی نشان می‌دهد که مدل باز تولید شدة تجربی از برازش و همانندی نسبتاً مطلوبی با مدل مفهومی برخوردار است. زیرا نیکویی برازش (GOF) برای مدل پیشتهادی پژوهش برابر با 0/198 بوده است.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_709146_535e7467bfc516a2f4f45222e48fd659.pdf

انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 Explaining the role of geographical factors and geopolitical components in shaping geopolitics relations(with a critical and new approach) تبیین نقش عوامل جغرافیایی و مولفه های ژئوپلیتیکی در شکل گیری روابط ژئوپلیتیک (با رویکردی انتقادی و نو) 85 108 708408 FA مصطفی مظاهری دانش آموخته دکترای جغرافیای سیاسی،دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. حسن کامران دستجردی استاد جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. کیومرث یزدان پناه درو دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-7224-208X محمود واثق استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0000-0003-0283-3607 Journal Article 2023 08 26 Extended Abstract Introduction Relationship between countries in the world system is affected by various factors. The study of the theories of different thinkers, suggests that the relationship between powers and states is formed by based on many components and variables. In the meantime Geographical and geopolitical elements are important substrates for the formation of geopolitics relations at regional, trans-regional and global levels, Therefore the importance of geopolitical relations in advancing the goals and policies of countries and geographical areas is undeniable Because how countries and powers influence and benefit from their peripheral developments, in addition to their national power and their regional situation, depends largely on the geographical and geopolitical realities, the type of relationships and the quality of their interactions with other actors. The present research has two theoretical and applied goals. The theoretical goal is to increase knowledge and contribute to the theorizing field of political Geography and geopolitical knowledge studies And Its most important practical purpose is also to help to compile a practical analytical-theoretical model regarding geopolitical relations in regional, trans-regional and global scales. Methodology This article is a fundamental and developmental theory in terms of nature and is descriptive - analytical in terms of content. The required information has been collected using the library method (books, articles and treatises) and its conclusions have been made in a qualitative and inferential method. Results and Discussion Many factors play a role in the formation of geopolitical relations, in order to identify these components and explain the comprehensive model to present the model of geopolitical relations, the theories of various thinkers (twelve thinkers) expressed at different times were evaluated. it was found that at least more Of the ten indicators, they are effective in shaping geopolitical relations at the regional, peripheral and global levels. In the proposed theories of geopolitical relations in various scales, one or more geographical and geopolitical components have been emphasized and are basically uniaxial, while various elements have an influence on the formation and evolution of different types of geopolitical relations. Under the influence of the three main elements of geopolitical relations, namely: geography, politics and power, certain patterns of geopolitical relations (interactive, competitive, confrontational, continuity, influence and dominance) are formed in various regional, extra-regional and global scales. Among the mentioned levels, the regional level is more important. Among the mentioned models: interactive, competitive relations, dominance relations, influence relations, are the result of the thoughts of experts in different eras, and the geopolitical stability and continuity relation is one of the achievements of the present research. In this article, the effective components in creating geopolitical relations have been identified in the relevant theories. Although these factors still play a role in the formation of geopolitical relations, they are more focused on the centrality of conflict, tension, geopolitical crises and geopolitics of war, and in fact, it is a classic and traditional view of geopolitical relations. While the geopolitical factors of relations should be in agreement with the current conditions of the regional and global geopolitical system and be a comprehensive model to explain the pattern of geopolitical relations of countries. Conclusion In the current research, in addition to reviewing and criticizing past theories and research related to geopolitical relations, a new model was proposed in geopolitical relations, and new factors and components in the formation of relations were identified. The results of the research findings indicate that new factors and elements are involved in the formation of geopolitics relations Which in addition to geographical and geostrategic conditions The is on the geoeconomic components, geopolitics of resource, geopolitics of identity, geopolitics of tourism, geopolitics of globalization and the geopolitics of cyberspace between regions and countries emphasize. روابط بین بازیگران سیاسی در نظام جهانی از عوامل گوناگونی متأثر است. بررسی نظریات اندیشمندان مختلف حاکی از آن است که روابط قدرتها و کشورها براساس متغیرهای زیادی شکل می گیرد. عناصر جغرافیایی و ژئوپلیتیکی از بسترهای مهم شکل گیری روابط ژئوپلیتیک،در سطوح منطقه ای،فرامنطقه ای و جهانی هستند، لذا اهمیت روابط ژئوپلیتیکی در پیشبرد اهداف و سیاستهای کشورها و مناطق جغرافیایی انکار ناپذیر است چون نحوه تأثیر گذاری و بهره مندی کشورها از تحولات پیرامونی خود، علاوه بر قدرت ملی و اوضاع منطقه ای آنها، تا میزان بسیار زیادی مبتنی بر واقعیت های جغرافیایی و ژئوپلیتیکی، نوع روابط و کیفیت تعاملات آنها با سایر بازیگران بستگی دارد. با توجه به چنین اهمیتی، مقاله حاضر با روش تحلیلی-تبیینی و رویکرد انتقادی، ضمن بیان مولفه های موجود در نظریات ذکر شده، به دنبال شناسایی و بررسی کارکرد عوامل جغرافیایی و ژئوپلیتیکی جدید در شکل گیری انواع روابط ژئوپلیتیکی و ارائه مدل جامع برای تبیین الگو روابط ژئوپلیتیک است،جهت شناسایی این مولفه ها و تببین مدل جامع برای ارائه الگوی روابط ژئوپلیتیک، نظریه های اندیشمندان گوناگون(دوازده اندیشمند) که در زمان های مختلف بیان شده است مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت که مشخص شد حداقل بیش از ده شاخص در شکل دهی روابط ژئوپلیتیک در سطوح منطقه ای،پیرامونی و جهانی،موثر هستند، نتایج یافته های پژوهش بیانگر این نکته است که عوامل متنوعی در شکل گیری روابط ژئوپلیتیک نقش دارند که علاوه بر شرایط جغرافیایی و ژئواستراتژیکی، بر مولفه های ژئواکونومیک،ژئوپلیتیک منابع،ژئوپلیتیک هویت،ژئوپلیتیک گردشگری، جهانی شدن و ژئوپلیتیک فضای مجازی، بین مناطق و کشورها تأکید دارند.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_708408_fb0956bc221b2c05116db4b816c99d6f.pdf

انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 Explaining the role of diversifying economic activities in increasing the economic and social resilience of touristic villages in Rasht county against the covid-19 disease تبیین نقش تنوع بخشی به فعالیت‌های اقتصادی در افزایش تاب آوری اقتصادی و اجتماعی روستاهای گردشگرپذیر شهرستان رشت در برابر بیماری کووید-19 109 124 710009 FA شیوا گنجیان دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران نصرالله مولائی هشجین استاد گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران 0000-0002-5716-7077 آتوسا بیگدلی استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران Journal Article 2023 10 08 Extended Abstract Introduction In Iran, due to the spread of the Corona virus, the number of tourists decreased compared to previous years. Tourism in all the cities and villages of Iran has caused a lot of irreparable damage during the Corona era, and the highest damage estimate was related to touristic villages. In this regard, what is significant and important in the topic of Covid-19 in the tourism sector is the economic and social resilience of touristic villages against this crisis. The damage caused by the corona crisis to tourist villages in many cities of Iran, including Rasht County, is very high, but what is important in the meantime is the recovery and return of rural residents to their original state after facing unfortunate conditions, including (Covid-19 virus). Based on this, one of the most effective approaches in improving and returning villagers to their original conditions is the approach of diversifying economic activities. In fact, Corona has affected the economy of households and the tourism sector of this County in the short and long term. The market of some tourism handicraft products of the city, as well as some of the businesses related to tourism, has been disrupted directly and indirectly. Based on this, the level of economic and social resilience of people against the ongoing crisis has decreased. This is especially the case in villages that do not have a variety of economic activities. In such a way that by reducing the diversity of economic activities in touristic rural areas, their economic and social resilience will decrease against the upcoming crises like Corona. Therefore, one of the important ways to increase economic and social resilience in tourism villages against Corona is diversifying economic activities. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to explain the extent of diversification of economic activities in increasing the economic and social resilience of the touristic villages of Rasht County against the covid-19 disease, to be recognized as a way of thinking and by providing solutions and results. It is desirable to plan and with different orientations (economic and social), try to preserve the survival of villages, and also seek to investigate and investigate the following question: To what extent does diversification of economic activities increase resilience? Economic and social recovery of touristic villages of Rasht County against the disease of covid-19; Does it have an effect? Methodoloy The current research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and methodology, and SPSS and GIS software were used to analyze the data. The statistical population is all people in the field of tourism businesses in the touristic villages of Rasht County in the districts (Centeral, Khokhbijar, Lasht Nasha, KochSefahan, Sangar, Khammam), which in a natural situation; They are located in coastal, plains and foothills, and their sizes are divided into small, medium and large villages. In order to determine the sample size, available sampling was used. In this regard, the number of (170) people was determined separately for each of the villages based on their size and population. In the second part, there are managers of tourist villages (Village managers (DEHYAR), village council members). The sample size of the sample members was based on the available sampling, which was finally determined based on the proposed (available) sampling, the number of (37) people. Results and Discussion The results of sample t-test and Spearman's correlation showed that diversification of economic activities at a significance level of 0.000 has a great impact on increasing the economic and social resilience of touristic villages. Finally, the results of categorizing the level of economic and social resilience in each of the parts of Rasht County, focusing on the diversity of economic activities, showed that the state of economic and social resilience after creating the diversity of economic activities from the views of council members and Village managers (DEHYAR); In the central district with the number of (31 people) and 83.78 percent, in the Khokhbijar district with the number of (29 people) and 78.37 percent, in LashtNasha district with the number of (31 people) and 83.78 percent, in the KochSefahan district with the number of ( 32 people) and 86.48 percent, in Sanger district with the number of (32 people) and 86.48 percent, in Khammam district with the number of (30 people) and 81.08 percent; It was evaluated favorably. Conclusion The results of the research showed that diversifying agricultural livelihood strategies, animal husbandry, fishing, handicrafts, etc. will increase the household's ability to earn more income, higher food security, etc. According to the descriptive findings, most of the people had a job (in the field of tourism) before the corona virus, and due to the conditions of the corona virus, they either migrated from the village or switched to another job with low and medium income. In sum of the results, the current era (post-coronavirus tourism) is not in normal conditions for touristic villages. This period will create difficult conditions for the people of the business because the connection chain is the Corona crisis and in this situation, the people of the business are facing a difficult situation in the field of tourism in the villages of Rasht County. Therefore, considering the concerns caused by Corona and the impact on the economic situation and the economic insecurity of the life of tourism businesses, we should look for more favorable conditions along with diversification of economic activities. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین؛ میزان تنوع بخشی به فعالیت‌های اقتصادی در افزایش تاب آوری اقتصادی و اجتماعی روستاهای گردشگرپذیر شهرستان رشت در برابر بیماری کووید-19، انجام شده است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی است و از لحاظ ماهیت و روش شناسی توصیفی – تحلیلی می باشد، همچنین به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از از نرم‌افزار SPSS و GIS استفاده شده است. ویروس کرونا در اوایل ژانویه 2020 توسط سازمان بهداشت جهانی در کشور چین گزارش شد. این ویروس به سرعت در منطقه ووهان چین گسترش یافت. در پی بحران شیوع کرونا ویروس در نقاط مختلف جهان، شیوع آن به طور رسمی در تاریخ 29 بهمن 1398 توسط وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی تایید شد. در کشور ایران نیز با شیوع ویروس کرونا، شمار گردشگران90 درصد نیز نسبت به سال‌های گذشته با کاهش روبه رو شد. گردشگری در همه‌ی شهرها و روستاهای ایران در دوران کرونا خسارت‌های جبران‌ناپذیر زیادی را به بار آورده است که بیشترین برآورد خسارات به روستاهای گردشگرپذیر مربوط بوده است. نتایج آزمون‌‌های تی تک نمونه‌ای و همبستگی اسپیرمن نشان داد، تنوع بخشی در فعالیت‌های اقتصادی در سطح معناداری 000/0، تاثیر زیادی در افزایش تاب‌آوری اقتصادی و اجتماعی روستاهای گردشگرپذیر دارد. همچنین به منظور دسته‌بندی میزان تاب‌آوری اقتصادی و اجتماعی در هر یک از بخش‌های شهرستان رشت با تمرکز بر تنوع فعالیت‌های اقتصادی، از انحراف معیار ، استفاده شد، نتایج نشان داد، وضعیت تاب‌آوری اقتصادی-اجتماعی پس از ایجاد تنوع فعالیت‌های اقتصادی در تمامی بخش‌های مورد مطالعه شهرستان رشت از دیدگاه اعضای شورا و دهیاران، مطلوب می باشد.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_710009_fbf67c7417c645c98e03307a66c81e18.pdf

انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 Spatial analysis of the trend of changes in the time series of theft crimes of places and residential areas in different seasons of the year based on the prevention of the crime of theft (case study of the 14th district of Tehran) تحلیل فضایی روند تغییرات سری زمانی جرایم سرقت اماکن ومناطق مسکونی در فصول مختلف سال (مورد مطالعه منطقه 14شهرتهران) 125 150 710201 FA پیمان گودرزی دانش آموخته رشته فرماندهی و مدیریت انتظامی. دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران. محمدرضا پورغلامی سروندانی استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده دافوس،دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-9383-7592 بهمن فصیحی استادیار گروه علوم پایه، دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2023 10 21 Extended Abstract Introduction Spatial analysis of crime is one of the important subjects of crime geography. The occurrence of crimes in time and place follows certain rules. Studying the temporal and spatial correlation of crime can provide more useful clues for crime analysis and help discover potential crime patterns. Theft, as one of the crimes against property, occurs frequently in the daily life of the people of the society, which has a serious destructive effect on the social order. The selection of the place of the crime has gained a lot of influence in the last two decades. This region is currently a concern for city managers, police, and judicial officials; Therefore, identifying polluted and crime-prone areas, obtaining information on them, and having efficient policing strategies in the field of preventing, dealing with, and fighting crime is of great importance in creating order and security in these centers and, as a result, improving the quality of life of citizens. The spatial location of crime hotspots, district 14 of Tehran city, the most important physical characteristics or effective spatial factors, encouraging or facilitating the crimes committed and the detection of environmental factors, background factors are investigated and analyzed using spatial statistics, and solutions can also be provided to prevent and reduce them. Therefore, the purpose of the current research, in addition to the spatial and spatial analysis of crimes, is to analyze the trend of changes in the time series of crimes of theft of places and residential areas in different seasons of the year in the 6th police station of 14th district of Tehran. The basic question of this research is based on the principle that in the spatial analysis of theft crimes of places and residential areas of Tehran's 14th district in different seasons of the year, what is the pattern of time series and its spatial changes ? Methodology The current research has been used in terms of practical purpose and spatial and spatial analysis approach. In terms of the nature of collecting and analyzing graphic and statistical data, it is considered quantitative. GIS, SPSS, and Excel software have been used to collect information for the analysis of graphic data and statistics in urban crime centers. The statistical population for the investigation of crime hotspots is from the crime statistics of Fateb's 6th Chief Constable and all the numbers between the years 2013 -2017. In this research, from the statistical point of view, first, the minimum and maximum datas of theft crimes in the 14th district of Tehran city were discussed, then the average crimes and deviation from the standard of theft crimes were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Mann-Kendall test was used to check the possible deviation and the type and time of change in the data of theft crimes. To estimate the real slope of a trend in a time series, using the non-parametric Sen, 's method can be one of the appropriate methods in this field. Results and Discussion In terms of comparison of the deviation from the standard of theft of premises in the 14th district of Tehran in different seasons between years 2013 -2017, the highest deviation from the standard of theft of premises was observed in autumn, summer, spring, and later winter seasons respectively.By analyzing the time series trend for the crime of theft of private places and public places of theft using the Mann-Kendall test in the 14th district of Tehran at the 95% confidence level, there was no significant seasonal and annual trend for the theft of private places. In other words, it can be said that there is no significant difference in the crime of theft of private places in the 14th district of Tehran, which indicates randomness in the data of theft of private places. In other words; This randomness and non-compliance of thefts from private and government places is a clear trend and it can be said that in this area, the policies and performance of relevant agencies,police patrols, or control measures regarding thefts of public and private places have not achieved any meaningful results. But the values of the S statistic and the significance level in the Kendall test for shoplifting and home theft crimes in the 14th district of Tehran at the 95% confidence level have a seasonal trend in the month of autumn and a significant annual trend for shoplifting and home theft crimes. In other words, it can be said that for the years 2013 -2017, there is a significant difference in the crime of shoplifting in the 14th district of Tehran, both annually and in the autumn season, which indicates that there is no coincidence in the data of shoplifting and home theft crimes and that there is a significant decreasing trend. Therefore, it can be said that the policies and performance of the relevant agencies regarding theft from shops and homes have been significantly reduced. Conclusion The results of this research on the types of theft in the 14th district of Tehran, in terms of the distribution of crimes, show that most shop and home theft crimes are concentrated in the western and northwestern parts and the least shop and home theft crimes are concentrated in the south and southwest areas. However, the crimes of theft of private and public places do not follow a specific pattern and change from one place to another after moving for years.By comparing the minimum number of burglary crimes in different seasons of 2013 -2017, it was observed that the spring season has the lowest number of burglary crimes and occasionally in the summer season (including theft of government premises and shops) and in the fall season(including theft of homes and private places) in the winter season (theft of government places) has been observed.Compared to the maximum number of burglary crimes in different seasons of 2013 -2017, in the autumn season (theft of private places, shops, houses, and public places), the summer season (theft of houses, public places, shops, and private places) has the highest number of burglary crimes is assigned to itself.In the winter season and then in the spring season, the highest average number of theft crimes has been observed.it can be said that the control measures carried out in the autumn season were significant and reduced.According to the morphology of the 14th district of Tehran, in the police management of urban crime centers, three factors have the greatest impact on the occurrence of theft, including the lack of appropriate cultural and educational structures in this area of the city, the existence of worn and old structures, the lack of supervision of parks and green spaces in the area, and The length of days is decreasing and the duration of darkness is lengthening.It is suggested that the 14th police station of Tehran city, by using the operational and police force of that region, with car and motorcycle patrols in an inconspicuous and timely manner, control and monitor plans for experienced thieves in the autumn season and also in the dark hours. With the cooling and the beginning of the rainy season, for private places without seasonal habitation and dark and lonely alleys and out of the sight of police patrol units, these areas should put the reconstruction and improvement of roads on their agenda in terms of safety, and by improving the lighting conditions of the streets, roads, and Margins equip the mentioned points to this important matter. میزان جرایم شهری به اندازه و درجه رشد شهر ارتباط دارد. بنابراین، شناسایی نقاط آلوده و جرم خیز، مقابله و مبارزه با جرایم سرقت از اهمیت بسزایی در ایجاد نظم و امنیت در این کانون ها و در نتیجه ارتقاءکیفیت زندگی شهروندان را دارد.بررسی توزیع فضایی کانونهای جرم خیز، مهمترین ویژگیهای کالبدی یا عوامل مکانی موثر، ترغیب کننده یا تسهیل کننده جرائم ارتکابی و تشخیص عوامل محیطی، عوامل زمینه ای با بهره گیری از آمارهای فضایی از اهداف این تحقیق می باشد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کمی محسوب می‌ شود. در روش اسنادی از منابع مکتوب و اخذ آمار سرقت از پلیس استفاده شد. جهت بررسی انحراف احتمالی و نوع و زمان تغییر در داده های جرایم سرقت از آزمون من- کندال استفاده شده است. جهت برآورد نمودن شیب واقعی یک روند در یک سری زمانی، استفاده از روش ناپارامتریک سنس بکارگرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد با تحلیل روند سری سرقت در منطقه 14 شهر تهران بواسطه بافت های فرسوده و قدیمی، مشکلات ناشی از معابر شهری، وجود بن بست های تاریک و مکان های خلوت در منطقه باعث شده که در فصل بهار و تابستان اغلب شهروندان این منطقه به دلیل وجود هوای مطبوع در ساعات عصرگاهی تا پاسی از شب از منازل خارج و در اماکن تجاری و تفرجگاه ها حضور دارند. بخصوص از اواخر فصل بهار و در تابستان با شروع فصل مسافرت با خالی بودن منزل باعث افزایش سرقت منزل می گردد .با آغاز فصل گرما از اواخر بهار و به ویژه در فصل تابستان شب هنگام خصوصاً در اماکن خصوصی فقدان حفاظ مناسب درب و پنجره های باغات و ویلا به ویژه از فصل پاییز تا زمستان روند افزایش سرقت را شاهد هستیم. همچنین، به علت کوتاه بودن روزها در فصل پاییز و با فرا رسیدن زمان تاریکی امکان سرقت نیز افزایش پیدا می کند.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_710201_ad14f0d1783b04a176640598921cf87e.pdf

انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 Analysis of the most important indicators of effective management approaches in urban development (case study: Kangan Port) تحلیل مهمترین شاخص‌‌های رویکردهای مدیریتی موثر در توسعه شهری (مطالعه موردی: بندرکنگان) 151 173 710543 FA مسعود تقوایی استاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. 0000-0001-5486-5972 حلیمه پیرالو پژوهشگر جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. 0009-0001-7995-352X مرجان شفیعی دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2023 10 03 Extended Abstract Introduction The city is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that functions as a system. According to the United Nations report, for the first time in history, more than half of the world's population lives in cities, which will reach 70% in 2050. Urban management is responsible for monitoring, planning and managing the sustainable development of cities. Since top-down urban management in practice has led to many urban problems, and the effectiveness of decision-making patterns has caused the creation of various management approaches; whose purpose is to understand human behavior and change consumption patterns towards more sustainable paths. In our country, urban management has been affected by macro structures and the environment, which has resulted in lagging behind (urbanization) and overtaking (growth) from (urban development). Therefore, the lack of participatory democracy, planning and management, and the lack of coordination of urban plans with construction plans, inattention to the specific conditions and prevailing performance of each city are among the challenges of the current urban planning and management system in Iran. In such a situation, along with the development of metropolises, the cities that host the oil and gas industry, such as the city of Bandar Kangan, also face challenges such as the rapid development of the city, the increase in the cost of infrastructure, the loss of resources, the disproportion of the distribution of uses, the excessive increase in the price of land and housing, and disorder. environmental problems and hundreds of other challenges and has caused weakness in the proper management of the city from (physical, environmental, economic, social-cultural and management-political) aspects; Therefore, urban management can only be managed with a bottom-up planning that firstly enjoys the participation and support of citizens and secondly uses a combination of management approaches in the matter of managing cities and guiding them in the path of sustainability. work successfully. Methodology This research is developmental in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical and causal-survey method. Collecting information using documentary-library and field method (observation, interview and questionnaire). After extracting and comparing indicators in the approaches of political economy, empowerment, urban democracy, neighborhood-based management, social capital, traditional urban management, NGO, public choice, urban participation, pluralism, integrated urban management, sustainable urban development, good governance and Urban development strategy, important and common indicators in line with the management approaches of urban development were categorized in the form of 5 physical, environmental, economic, social/cultural and managerial/political dimensions. Each of these dimensions has sub-criteria that form the basis of the current research questionnaire. In order to investigate and explain the most important components of effective management approaches in urban development and Analysis the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to realize the desired urban development in Kangan city, factor analysis and SWOT models have been used. In this research, the trustees, experts and citizens of Kangan city are considered as statistical communities. The sampling method was random sampling, and the snowball method was used for statistical communities of trustees (48 people) and experts (90 people), and the sample size of the citizens of Kangan city (382 people) was determined using Cochran's method. Results and Discussion Analysis of the most effective factors in Kangan city management. In order to identify the underlying dimensions of the research, the factor analysis method was used, which the main management components in the development of Kangan city were prioritized from the point of view of the trustees compared to the research variables, and included factors (physical/economic), (management-political/social), (economic) / social) and (environmental / physical) that these factors explain 56% of the total variance. Analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of effective management approaches in the development of Kangan city by integrating the opinion of the target communities. The results of the SWOT analysis show that there is a gap with democratic citizenship, the effect of sanctions and currency shocks on the city's economy, and the lack of fair provision of services with a score of 0.18 are the most important weaknesses in the system that need to be improved in terms of planning. The impact of the share of oil and the growth of the sales rate and the increase in the level of education and social awareness with a score of 0.22, the role of the government in the economy and funding and investment with a score of 0.21 are the most important opportunities, as well as the effect of financial and monetary policies on the city's economy with a score of 0.24. Paying attention to the rules and management of urban development and not paying attention to demographic characteristics with a score of 0.23 are considered as threat factors against effective management approaches in the development of Kangan city. Conclusion In this research, the most important indicators of effective management approaches in the development of Kangan city were examined and explained. In order to find the important factors from the point of view of Kangan city trustees, factor analysis was used, the results show: ‌(physical /economic),(management-political/social),(economic/social)and (environmental /physical) factors respectively have the highest percentage. has allocated the variance. Also, using the SWOT model, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of urban development in Kangan Port were identified. The results indicate that the opportunity points have the highest score of 3.51 and the strengths have the lowest score of 2.38. The results of QSPM also show that providing public benefits and meeting basic needs to increase social justice, coordinating trustees and strengthening integrated management to organize the city in order to achieve urban sustainability, increasing trust and validation to improve adaptability and flexibility, planning the development of the tourism industry to reduce The reliance of Kangan's economy on oil and gas is one of the most effective strategies in the development of Kangan city; Among these strategies, priority is given to managerial/political and economic indicators. از پیامدهای افزایش جمعیت و گسترش مهاجرت به شهرها، توسعه فیزیکی و رشد ناموزون آنهاست؛ که در پی آن شرایط اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و محیطی شهرها نیز دستخوش دگرگونی خواهد شد. در این میان نحوه مدیریت شهرها در بهبود این سکونت‌گاه‌ها، سازماندهی عوامل و منابع جهت پاسخگویی به نیازهای ساکنان و پایداری توسعه شهری مطرح می‌باشد. بنابراین حل مسائل شهری تنها با اصلاح رویکردهای سنتی مدیریتی و استفاده از رهیافت‌های نوین امکان‌پذیر بوده و می‌توان گفت نگرش‌ها در برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت شهری تغییر یافته و انعطاف‌پذیری درونی در آن موجب تغییر پارادایم از نگاه حکومتی به حکمروایی شده است. بر این اساس با گسترش روند شهرنشینی در سطح جهانی و گزارشات سازمان ملل جهت حل مسائل مدیریتی شهرها، اندیشمندان این حوزه سعی بر ارائه نظریات و راهبردهایی داشته‌اند؛ که جهت هدایت شهرها در مسیر پایداری موجب تحقق رویکردهای جدید مدیریت شهری شده است. در همین راستا پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل مهمترین مولفه‌های رویکردهای مدیریتی موثر در توسعه شهر کنگان انجام شده است. رویکرد حاکم بر پژوهش از نظر هدف توسعه‌ای و روش آن توصیفی- تحلیلی است. اطلاعات لازم با به کارگیری منابع اسنادی-کتابخانه‌ای و مطالعات میدانی گردآوری شد. جوامع آماری پژوهش شامل متولیان(48 نفر)، کارشناسان(90 نفر) و شهروندان شهر کنگان(382 نفر) می‌باشند. تعیین حجم نمونه برای جوامع متولیان و کارشناسان روش گلوله برفی و برای جامعه شهروندان روش کوکران می‌باشد. تحلیل پژوهش با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی و SWOT صورت گرفته است؛ که نتایج تحلیل عاملی نشان می‌دهد از نظر متولیان عوامل (کالبدی/ اقتصادی)، (مدیریتی-سیاسی/اجتماعی)، (اقتصادی/اجتماعی) و (زیست ‌محیطی/کالبدی) به ترتیب مهمترین مولفه‌های مدیریتی در توسعه شهر کنگان می‌باشد. همچنین یافته‌های سوات نشان‌دهنده نقاط قوت و ضعف، فرصت و تهدیدهای توسعه شهری در کنگان است و نتایج QSPM نشان می‌دهد که استراتژی فرصت‌ها با 40.780 بیشترین میانگین را کسب نموده است.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_710543_49c5d112279c14d94add36e0e9896976.pdf

انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 Identifying the temperature threshold limit and thermal islands of Kerman city with an emphasis on changes in the landscape of the land شناسایی حدآستانه دمایی وجزایرحرارتی شهر کرمان باتاکیدبرتحولات سیمای سرزمین 175 187 710542 FA فرشاد ترکی دانشجوی دکتری گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. حسین مجتبی زاده خانقاهی استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. حسین رضایی استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2023 10 12 Extended Abstract Introduction Humans have always sought to use and take advantage of nature for their well-being, but most of these uses have caused the destruction of the natural environment around them. It means an area where the temperature of that area is higher than the surrounding environment, in other words, the air temperature in the city is higher than the air temperature of the surrounding environment, which has a uniform and homogeneous temperature. As the aim of this research, they examine and identify the temperature threshold and heat islands of Kerman city, focusing on the landscape changes. Methodology The current research is based on library studies and field investigations in terms of developmental-applicative goal and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology. To achieve the objectives of the research, 5 indicators (landscape heterogeneity, ecological continuity and connection, connection of land elements, environmental conditions and functional conditions) with 17 sub-indices were extracted. In the following, during three periods (1365-1385-1400), satellite images were prepared and using Envi software, the state of coverage and the results of the temperature surveys of the surface of the land in Kerman city were determined. The colonial competition algorithm (minimum spanning tree MST) has been used in the Matlab 2016 software environment and for the spatialization of the indicators studied in the city of Kerman by the method (Tracking Analyst Tools) in the process of network analysis (Network Analyst Tools) in the soft environment ArcGIS software is used. Results and discussion As a result of this research, it should be said that at the level of the proposed scenarios, the scenario (construction) in the construction zone in 2016, out of 100% of the available zone in the city of Kerman, 42.44% is dedicated to the construction spot. In 1385, this number reached 49.27% and in 1400, it reached 59.02%. The results of the area metric show that most of the land surface of the study area is made up of patches. Also, construction spots and open spots have increased in area and the growth of this spot between them is significant. The largest share of spots formation in every 3 years is related to artificial spots. The results of the classification spectrum for the measured islands in the city of Kerman were classified into 6 classes. The results show that in the southwest of the city of Kerman, due to the location of numerous polluting centers and industrial towns, as well as the location of the wind, the pollution center of this city. contract. Conclusion The results of the location analysis show that the location is very unhealthy in the center of Kerman due to the traffic and population density. In order to investigate and understand the heat islands of Kerman city, relying on the changes and evolutions of pollution in this city, after the investigations carried out on the amount of pollution and carbon dioxide production in 8 sections, the status of each index was examined in terms of the amount of emission. According to the findings of this research, by combining the 8 maps of the previous stage and taking into account what the analysis of the satellite images shows, the state of the heat island resulting from pollution in Kerman city is presented. از آنجایی که رشد و توسعه شهرنشینی و ساخت‌وسازهای غیراصولی، منجر به ایجاد تغییراتی در اقلیم شهر شده است، لذا هدف این پژوهش، بررسی و شناسایی حد آستانه دمایی و جزایر حرارتی شهر کرمان با تأکید بر تحولات سیمای سرزمین می‌پردازند. پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ هدف توسعهای ـ کاربردی و از لحاظ روششناسی توصیفی ـ تحلیلی مبتنی بر مطالعات کتابخانه ای و بررسی های میدانی است. برای دستیابی به اهداف تحقیق، 5 شاخص (ناهمگنی سیمای سرزمین، پیوستگی و ارتباط بوم‌شناختی، ارتباط عناصر سرزمین، شرایط زیست‌محیطی و شرایط عملکردی) با 17 زیر شاخص استخراج شد. در ادامه طی دو دوره (1365-1385-1400) تصاویر ماهواره لندست 8 و سنجنده ODE تهیه و با استفاده نرم‌افزارEnvi وضعیت پوشش و بررسی نتایج حاصل از بررسی‌های دمایی سیمای سرزمین در شهر کرمان مشخص شد. در ادامه برای حدآستانه دمایی و جزایر حرارتی شهر کرمان با تأکید بر تحولات سیمای سرزمین از الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (درخت پوشای مینیمم MST) در محیط نرمافزار Matlab 2016 استفاده گردیده است و برای فضایی سازی شاخص های موردمطالعه در سطح شهر کرمان از روش (Tracking Analyst Tools) در فرآیند تحلیل شبکه (Network Analyst Tools) در محیط نرم‌افزار ArcGIS استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد که سطح سناریوهای مطرح‌شده سناریو (ساخت‌وساز) در پهنه ساخت‌وساز در سال 1365 از 100 درصد پهنه موجود در سطح شهر کرمان 44/42 درصد به لکه ساخت‌وساز اختصاص دارد. در سال 1385 این عدد به 49/27 درصد و در سال 1400 به 59/02 درصد رسیده است. نتایج متریک مساحت نشان میدهد که روند کاهشی چشمگیری در طول این دوره از سال 1365 تا 1400 در این بخش اتفاق افتاده است. این روند کاهشی در بین لکههای موجود در این بخش نیازمند بررسی و پیشنهادات ویژه است. سناریو (فضاهای باز) در پهنه فضاهای باز در سال 1365 از 100 درصد پهنه موجود در سطح شهر کرمان به ترتیب 37/56 درصد و 45/1 درصد به لکه باز اختصاص دارد. در سال 1385 این عدد به ترتیب 12/35 درصد و0/98 و در سال 1400 به ترتیب 26/34 درصد و 0/98 رسیده است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در جنوب غربی شهر کرمان به علت تعدد قرارگیری مراکز آلوده‌کننده و شهرکهای صنعتی و همچنین قرارگیری وضعیت باد مرکز آلودگی این شهر قرار دارد. نتایج تحلیل مکانی نشان میدهد که در مرکز شهر کرمان نیز به علت حرکت خودرو و تراکم جمعیت برای جابهجایی وضعیت قرارگیری بسیار ناسالمی قرار دارد.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_710542_7d599c94522902b608a9381408858734.pdf

انجمن جغرافیایی ایران جغرافیا (نشریۀ انجمن جغرافیایی ایران) 2783-3739 21 79 2023 12 22 The geopolitical and geoeconomic capacities of the Silk Road to increase Iran's national power ظرفیت های ژئوپلیتیکی و ژئواکونومیکی جاده ابریشم برای افزایش قدرت ملی ایران 189 208 708757 FA حمید رضا ملی دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. افشین متقی دانشیار گروه ژئوپلیتیک، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2023 06 11 Extended Abstract Introduction As a trade route, the Silk Road has been a ring between the East and West of the world for centuries and passes through China, India, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Eastern Europe. Due to its transit position, Iran is located in the center of overlapping regions, Iran is located in the center of the intersection of world energy production and consumption axes; In the north-south vertical axis, it is located in the center of the two energy sources of the Persian Gulf and Central Asia and the Caucasus, and in the east-west axis, it is located in the center of the two energy consuming regions of East Asia and Europe, which means that Iran has a privileged distribution position. There are eight major transit routes in the peripheral region of Iran, which, of course, have different levels of importance and progress. In terms of territory, Iran shares land borders with eight countries and is considered a neighbor with seven other countries due to sea borders, and because of this position, it can make contact with the total market of 650 million of these countries. All of the aforementioned means that our country has the possibility and potential for extensive regional and global interactions in order to increase the share of foreign direct investment inside and increase its production capacity due to its geopolitical position at a high level. Meanwhile, the important and accessible point in 1402 is to at least activate the country's diplomatic and economic capacities to develop relations with neighboring countries based on the aforementioned geopolitical advantages; an action that can make the production leap in reality. Having and using the geo-economic position is an important factor in increasing the national power of countries. Iran is also in a favorable position in terms of geo-economic position, but despite having geo-economic components, including in the area of transit location, it has not gained much in the use of this favorable potential. The purpose of this research is to investigate the geopolitical and geoeconomic capacities of the Silk Road to increase Iran's national power. Methodology The current research was done with a descriptive-analytical method and based on the study of historical, scientific, library, documentary and field texts. In the library method, the study of documents, sites, yearbooks and related organizations and institutions has been used. The method of analyzing the findings is quantitative and qualitative. A questionnaire was also used to collect field data. The statistical population of the research is one hundred experts of different fields of political geography and geopolitics, political science, international relations, transportation economics. Each of the dimensions of the subject have been analyzed and evaluated with statistical methods and the use of spss software. The test used in this research is one-sample T. Results and Discussion Geopolitical challenges Since the beginning of this century, the Middle East has been experiencing a deep transformation that has exposed the region to geopolitical threats and instability. Since the regional order and international relations have not yet reached a new equilibrium in the process of collapse, such restructuring can easily cause geopolitical conflicts, even wars, and lead to increased uncertainty and risk in the construction of the new Silk Road. Geoeconomic challenges The perspective of the successful implementation of the Silk Road strategy in the Middle East should also be seen in the context of the geo-economic challenges that the countries of the region are still struggling with. These challenges range from many barriers to market access, administrative corruption, complex business environment, weak governance and the rule of law, low regional economic and commercial integration, lack of economic diversity and low productivity growth to income inequality in project financing, barriers to doing business, Regime stability, concerns about loan and investment conditions, and lack of central coordination. First, most countries in the Middle East are in the early stages of industrialization and are exposed to the influence of the United States and the West. Therefore, the Belt and Road Initiative faces both internal and external constraints. The Silk Road can make an important contribution to countries' incomes due to the fact that Iran is located on the four crossings of the world and has access to three important international transportation routes: the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Oman Sea, and is located on the main corridors. Global transportation has a prominent transit position. In this research, eight categories of dimensions of the importance of the Silk Road for Iran were identified, which are: 1- Geopolitical role 2- Corridor role 3- In terms of energy and goods 4- In terms of employment and income 6- In terms of control power 6- From the aspect of tourism and tourism and 7- from the aspect of dependence and security 8- from the aspect of communication. The components related to each dimension were turned into items and experts' opinions about them were collected by designing a questionnaire. Conclusion Considering that each of the indicators and parameters related to the Silk Road play a role in increasing national power, it can be concluded that Iran can increase its national power and improve its geopolitical status by using the corridor position. Iran's corridor position along with the expansion of transportation and international communications can increase the dependence of countries on Iran's geographical space and also lead to Iran's bargaining power over communication processes. The passage of the energy pipeline of the Caspian countries through Iran ties Iran's security to the economy of those countries. In fact, each of the country's active borders that are active in the field of transit, no matter how much they have a suitable activity in attracting the communication and transit processes of countries including Central Asia and the Caucasus, considering that these countries mostly choose the path that first In terms of security, it should be in good condition, and secondly, they choose a more economical route to pay less transit costs. Therefore, by passing and transferring petroleum or non-petroleum goods or passengers from transiting countries, in addition to receiving transit rights and increasing income, it is possible to create a control capacity for Iran that can be viewed from the upstream position and most importantly The security that these countries obtain due to the fact that their interests are tied to the security of Iran can prevent the creation of tension and some kind of crisis that may arise in the relations between the countries, and as mentioned before, this factor It can make transit countries to consider Iran's security considerations in their political behavior. Regarding the creation of bargaining power and dependence which is obtained in this way and leads to security, considering that Iran has a semi-arid state and due to the lack of rainfall compared to the world average, agriculture cannot be considered as It was considered a source of foreign exchange and increasing national power, and also considering that the country's economy is currently a single-product economy, and one day energy resources will face a shortage and crisis, and also that Iran is at the crossroads of global geopolitics. And the main world transportation routes pass through Iran, the Silk Road can play an irreplaceable role in this. The specific geopolitical location of the Silk Road can be effective in attracting communication and transit processes for Iran. The need of other countries to transport goods or passengers through Iran's Silk Road can have many advantages for Iran; including security, dependence and creating a capacity that can control the communication corridors passing through its territory. It can also play a stronger role in the development of tourism. On the other hand, the advantages and opportunities related to the Silk Road can increase the country's national income, and each of these sectors can play a positive role in the discussion about employment, which is the main problem of the country. The preparation of platforms and the development of infrastructures as well as the development of services in the management and software sector will increase its advantage in this economic and geopolitical environment and, accordingly, increase its national power. The location of the Silk Road can increase the dependence of other countries on the geographical space of Iran and lead to the creation of Iran's bargaining power in communication processes. ایران به واسطه موقعیت گذرگاهی‌اش در مرکزیت مناطق متداخلی قرار دارد، ایران در مرکز تلاقی محور‌های تولید و مصرف انرژی جهان قرار دارد؛ در محور عمودی شمالی - جنوبی در مرکز دو منبع انرژی خلیج فارس و آسیای میانه و قفقاز قرار دارد و در محور شرقی - غربی نیز در مرکز دو منطقه مصرف کننده انرژی شرق آسیا و اروپا قرار دارد و این یعنی ایران موقعیت توزیع کنندگی ممتازی دارد. هشت مسیر ترانزیتی عمده در منطقه پیرامونی ایران قرار دارد که البته درجه اهمیت و میزان پیشرفت متفاوتی با یکدیگر دارند. برخورداری و استفاده از موقعیت ژئواکونومیک عامل مهمی در افزایش قدرت ملی کشورها است. ایران نیز از نظر موقعیت ژئواکونومیک در وضعیت مطلوبی قرارداد ولی علیرغم برخورداری از مولفه های ژئواکونومیک از جمله در حوزه موقعیت گذرگاهی، در استفاده از این پتانسیل مطلوب عایدی چندانی کسب نکرده است. هدف این پژوهش بررسی ظرفیت های ژئوپلیتیکی و ژئواکونومیکی جاده ابریشم برای افزایش قدرت ملی ایران است. روش این پژوهش توصیفی- پیمایشی است. نتایج پژوهش نیز استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss مورد تحلیل و ارزیابی قرارگرفته‌اند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که فعال نمودن ظرفیت های جاده ابریشم در افزایش قدرت ژئواکونومیک و نیز تأمین امنیت ملی کشور نقش زیادی دارد. همچنین باعث رشد اشتغال و درامد ملی می‌شود که خود عاملی توسعه و پیشرفت اقتصادی است؛ بنابراین، با توجه به این که هرکدام از شاخص‌ها و پارامترهای مطرح‌ شده در افزایش قدرت ملی نقش دارند می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که ایران می‌تواند با استفاده از موقعیت خود در جاده ابریشم، قدرت ملی خود را افزایش دهد و جایگاه ژئوپلیتیکی خود را نیز ارتقاء بخشد.

https://mag.iga.ir/article_708757_ca6aba763ded2e155729c87fabc824f4.pdf