https://mag.iga.ir/ Geography en daily 1 Sun, 22 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Sun, 22 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://mag.iga.ir/article_741980.html This study aims to analyze the knowledge structure of place identity indicators in Iranian studies. Given the conceptual dispersion and lack of a coherent framework in this field, an integrated picture of the existing body of knowledge is developed through a combined analytical approach. In terms of purpose, the study is fundamental, and in terms of nature, it adopts a qualitative-analytical approach. Systematic literature review, thematic analysis, network analysis, and word-frequency analysis were employed. First, through a systematic review of Persian academic databases and based on specific criteria, 95 relevant articles published between 2006 and 2025 were selected. The selected studies were then examined line by line, and place identity indicators were identified and classified through thematic analysis. Finally, network analysis and word-frequency analysis were used to examine relationships among indicators, their degree of concentration, and patterns of co-occurrence. The findings show that place identity indicators can be classified into eight main dimensions: physical-visual, perceptual-semantic, functional-spatial, socio-cultural, natural-climatic, historical-temporal, structural-communicational, and aesthetic-artistic. Word-frequency analysis indicates that physical-visual and perceptual-semantic indicators have received greater attention, whereas natural-climatic, structural-communicational, and aesthetic-artistic indicators have received comparatively less attention. Network analysis, however, shows that the socio-cultural dimension occupies a more central position in the knowledge structure and has stronger connections with other dimensions. Moreover, many existing indicators remain abstract and lack operational and measurable criteria. Overall, by providing a structural representation of place identity indicators, this study can provide a basis for developing conceptual and operational frameworks in future research and for their application in urban and rural planning and design. https://mag.iga.ir/article_741535.html ترجمه انگلیسی در حدود **۲۷۰ کلمه**:Thermal comfort, as one of the key components of climatic design, plays a decisive role in improving quality of life, protecting human health, and optimizing energy consumption. Given the climatic diversity and geographical characteristics of Kermanshah Province, the accurate determination of thermal comfort ranges requires the analysis of climatic data and the application of valid bioclimatic indices. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal comfort conditions of Kermanshah Province using three indices: De Martonne, Köppen, and Givoni, based on data from nine meteorological stations during the statistical period of 2012 to 2021.In terms of methodology, climatic data including temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation were first obtained from the Iran Meteorological Organization and then analyzed using statistical methods and bioclimatic charts. The results of the De Martonne index showed that most stations are classified as semi-arid. According to the Köppen climate classification, six stations fall within the cold semi-arid climate group (BSk), three stations are classified as hot semi-arid climate (BSh), while only the Sonqor station is placed in the temperate climate group (C).The findings derived from the Givoni method indicate that the number of months with complete thermal comfort varies from one month in Qasr-e Shirin to five months in Kangavar. In all stations, December, January, and February fall within the cold discomfort zone due to low temperature and relatively high humidity. Overall, the results of this research reveal considerable climatic diversity across Kermanshah Province and demonstrate a reasonable consistency among the three applied methods. Moreover, it was found that stations with warmer climatic conditions have the lowest number of thermally comfortable months. These findings can be used in climatic architectural design, urban planning, and regional energy management. https://mag.iga.ir/article_741195.html Drought is one of the most important dangers that has caused many problems for the rural community. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on rural households in Saberi district in Nimroz Township. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Statistical population of the research; the villages of Saberi section of Nimroz city have 5669 families and 22324 people in the general census and population and housing in 2016. 373 samples were selected using Cochran's formula. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by reviewing the relevant experts and professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.81 using Cronbach's alpha. One-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc test and multivariate regression were used to analyze the research data. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the economic dimension with an average of 2.867, the social dimension with an average of 2.917 and the environmental dimension with an average of 2.869 were lower than the desired level. In order to investigate the effects of drought on sustainable rural development in the villages of Saberi district, multivariate regression analysis test has been used. The test results showed that drought had the greatest impact on the economic dimension with a beta value of 0.393. Also, the effects of drought on the social dimension with a beta value of 0.163 and on the environmental dimension with a beta value of 0.264 have been significant. Also, the results of Tukey post hoc test showed that large owners are less satisfied with income than small and medium owners. https://mag.iga.ir/article_742108.html Dust storms are among the most critical atmospheric hazards in arid and semi-arid regions, and Isfahan Province is highly vulnerable due to climate change, declining precipitation, and recurrent droughts. This study aimed to model and zone dust hazard susceptibility in Isfahan Province during 1995–2021 by integrating geomorphological features and employing Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Generalized Linear Model with Polynomial terms (GLM-POLY) algorithms. Hourly dust data were extracted from synoptic stations, and climatic variables (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, maximum wind speed) alongside terrestrial layers (geology, soil, land use, NDVI, TWI) were prepared using GIS techniques. Multicollinearity assessment via Variance Inflation Factor (VIF < 5) confirmed variable independence. Variable importance analysis using Mean Decrease in Accuracy identified maximum wind speed (27.5%), precipitation (26.2%), and relative humidity (25.4%) as the most influential factors. Model performance evaluation using the ROC curve and AUC index revealed that SVM (AUC = 0.712) demonstrated "good" predictive capability, significantly outperforming GLM-POLY (AUC = 0.621) with "moderate" performance. The final hazard zonation map using the superior SVM model, classified into four categories, indicated that the eastern, southeastern, and central parts of the province exhibit the highest susceptibility, consistent with barren lands, saline soils, and poor rangelands, while western areas show lower risk due to higher precipitation and vegetation cover. SVM's superiority is attributed to its capacity to handle complex non-linear interactions. This research provides a practical scientific tool for environmental planning and land-use management in Isfahan Province and recommends that future studies explore deep learning approaches and incorporate real-time data for dynamic forecasting. https://mag.iga.ir/article_739093.html Urban services are a vital aspect of urban planning, affect the quality of life of citizens, and play an important role in strengthening urban development and achieving sustainable urban and regional development. The present study aims to apply multi-criteria decision-making techniques to spatially analyze selected urban services in the Ahvaz metropolis. To achieve this goal, Mabac and Cocoso techniques have been used. Research data have been obtained from the 2024 statistical report of Ahvaz metropolis. Research data have been weighted by the entropy model and have been used in Mabac and Cocoso techniques. After a comparative analysis of the inequalities of selected urban services in the eight regions of Ahvaz city, a comparison has been made between the Mabac and Cocoso models. The results of the study show that based on the final score of the Mabac technique, Region 3 of the Ahvaz metropolitan area has the highest score with a score of (0/1608). The final score of Region 1 was (0/1557) and the final score of Region 8 was (0/1545), and these regions had the highest scores after Region 3, and Region 4 had the lowest score with a score of (-0/1372). The final output of the Cocoso model shows that Region 3 of the Ahvaz metropolitan area has the highest score with a score of (2/719), and Region 4 with a score of (1/324) and Region 2 with a score of (1/425) obtained the lowest scores. The output of both the Mabac and Cocoso models shows the imbalance and inequality of the eight urban areas in accessing urban services. https://mag.iga.ir/article_739092.html With the spread of modernity and the process of individualism and social fragmentation, the level of social isolation has always been a sensitive issue for the qualitative assessment of the human environment, especially cities.This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and based on the future research method. The main goal of this research is to identify the main effective factors in the city of Ardabil in increasing social isolation. In this research, to identify the key variables effective in increasing social isolation, after studying upstream documents, the two-stage Delphi method and the use of MicMac software were used. The data analyzed included 33 variables as primary variables effective in social isolation. Using MicMac software, it was determined that 9 variables were identified as drivers of increasing social isolation.The variables of unbalanced distribution of urban services, unemployment and economic pressure were the 3 main variables with the highest impact. The results of the present study show that the pattern of formation and intensification of social isolation in the city of Ardabil can be observed in a multidimensional and structural framework; in such a way that a set of economic, spatial, managerial, and social factors affect the reduction of social interactions and the increase of urban isolation, causing inequality in citizens' access to social interaction opportunities, and this leads to a decrease in social presence and a decline in urban vitality in some neighborhoods.However, if urban policies move towards strengthening spatial justice, developing public spaces, promoting social security, and creating local economic opportunities, the future path of the city of Ardabil can be changed towards increasing social interactions and strengthening social capital. https://mag.iga.ir/article_742782.html In recent decades, religious tourism to the Atabat Al-Aliyat and the Arbaeen mega-event—drawing millions of tourists and pilgrims—have evolved beyond mere acts of worship into significant phenomena within the realms of soft power, cultural diplomacy, and regional integration. This study employs a mixed-methods approach (quantitative-qualitative) within a systematic review framework, integrating scientometric analysis with a qualitative systematic review. A total of 226 sources were systematically retrieved from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Lens, and Dimensions (covering 1964–2025), alongside Persian sources (covering 2010–2026). Co-occurrence networks were mapped using VOSviewer software, and bibliometric indicators were calculated. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on 1,410 initial codes across three stages (open, axial, and selective coding) using MAXQDA software. The study selection and screening process was documented in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Scientometric findings revealed that the international literature is broader and more diverse (120 nodes, 350 links, TLS=1450, density=0.04), whereas the Persian literature exhibits a smaller yet more compact structure (15 nodes, 26 links, TLS=26, density=0.247). The average network degree was 3.8 for the international network and 2.8 for the domestic network; the modularity of both networks was estimated to be approximately equal, at 0.32. Content analysis identified six thematic clusters in Persian sources and eight in international sources. The findings suggest that *Atabat* tourism can be viewed as a form of "human-centric geopolitics" that plays a role in generating soft power and enhancing the geopolitical weight of the Shia world through cultural diplomacy, transnational networking, and the creation of social capital. The pilgrimage space has evolved from a merely sacred site into a geopolitical arena where faith, collective movement, memory, and human networks converge to generate transnational influence. https://mag.iga.ir/article_741536.html Shahrekord faces challenges in coordinating between different urban institutions. Urban planning is sometimes carried out in an insular manner, which causes the needs and goals of the metropolis to be ignored. One of the biggest problems in urban management is the lack of financial resources to implement various projects. In addition, the lack of specialized human resources in various fields such as urban engineering and project management also hinders efficient management. At times, focusing on short-term economic development leads to ignoring environmental and social aspects. The lack of specific strategies for sustainable development in Shahrekord could create problems in the future. Shahrekord is still lagging behind larger cities in the use of new technologies in urban management (such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and smart traffic management systems). In many urban projects and decisions, public participation is not taken seriously enough. This can lead to a decrease in public trust and public participation in urban projects. Another major problem in Shahrekord is inefficient traffic and public transportation, which causes air pollution and reduces the quality of life of people. To solve these problems, it is necessary to use strategic thinking as a key tool in the design and implementation of projects. In addition, the use of empowering management can improve human resource performance and increase public participation in urban decision-making. In general, the synergy of these two approaches can help create a sustainable, efficient, and dynamic urban environment in Shahrekord. Therefore, the most important issue of the present study is whether the ability of strategic thinking affects efficient urban management with the mediating role of empowering management in Shahrekord? https://mag.iga.ir/article_740958.html Flood susceptibility mapping is one of the most effective approaches for flood risk management and reducing damages caused by flood events. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of the CNN-sim and GMDH models integrated with the Fuzzy-Weight of Evidence (Fuzzy-WofE) approach for flood susceptibility mapping in the Gorganrud watershed. Fourteen environmental factors, including elevation, rainfall, slope, lithology, land use, soil texture, drainage density, distance from rivers, distance from roads, curvature, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Stream Power Index (SPI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), were used as conditioning variables. The Weight of Evidence (WofE) method was employed to determine the initial weights of the factors, and the resulting values were normalized using the Min–Max fuzzy membership function. The weighted variables were then used as inputs for the CNN-sim and GMDH models. The results indicated that elevation, rainfall, and SPI were the most influential factors in flood occurrence, with fuzzy weights of 1.000, 0.8793, and 0.8546, respectively, while soil texture had no significant contribution to flood susceptibility prediction. Model evaluation demonstrated that the CNN-sim model outperformed the GMDH model across all performance metrics. The CNN-sim model achieved an AUC of 0.9274, accuracy of 0.8448, precision of 0.8387, recall of 0.8667, and F1-score of 0.8525, whereas the GMDH model yielded an AUC of 0.8476 and accuracy of 0.6207. Analysis of the flood susceptibility map generated by CNN-sim showed that 51.66% of historical flood locations were situated within the very high susceptibility class and 21.67% within the high susceptibility class, confirming the strong predictive capability of the model.Overall, the findings demonstrate that integrating the Fuzzy-WofE approach with deep learning techniques significantly enhances flood susceptibility prediction accuracy.