Satisfaction Analysis of Mehr Housing Residents based on Physical-Social Dimension in Sahand New City, Case Study: Aftab Complex

Document Type : Article extracted From phd dissertation

Authors

1 PhD Student of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Extended Abstract
Introduction
In Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution, an attempt was made to provide maximum housing with an urban land plan. However, population growth and population flows along with economic trends in the following decades led to a large population of homeless people (especially in urban areas). In this regard, in 2008 (during the first term of Ahmadinejad's presidency), the Mehr housing project was implemented in Iran. Few studies in the field of pathology of Mehr housing have identified significant challenges in various fields. In the field of architecture, insufficient use of Iranian-Islamic architecture features and little attention to the use of identity indicators is a considerable drawback of Mehr housing. Also, in the field of social stability and in the form of indicators such as security, identity, sense of belonging, and cultural spaces, Mehr housing has not had the necessary efficiency. Therefore, in terms of the dimensions of residential quality such as economic and physical, cultural and physical, cultural and environmental, and environmental and physical, Mehr Housing has not been able to provide appropriate residential quality. In the implementation of the sewage project, shortage of educational and recreational units, urban space, asphalting of streets and provision of public spaces such as parks and ways to access units and street layout are facing challenges. Also, in terms of locating, studies have shown that the selected areas have not been identified as areas with priority and suitable for housing construction. In general, although comprehensive studies have not been conducted in the field of Mehr housing challenges of Sahand new city, considering the overall compliance of housing projects with the same structure and framework, it can be claimed that the set of economic, social, environmental and physical problems listed in the studies (in the cities of the country) can also be referred to the housing of the new city of Sahand.
Methodology
The present research method is descriptive-analytical and survey, and both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and survey, and both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. The study's statistical population includes the resident population of the Aftab complex in the new city of Sahand, which is equal to 945 people, and the sample size was obtained through Cochran's formula equal to 273 people. First, the normality of the data was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to examine the research questions, and after confirming the normality of the data, Pearson correlation and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were applied. The structural equation modeling approach was exerted using SPSS, MPLUS, and AMOS software to analyze the data. In this research, first, exploratory factor analysis based on principal component extraction and VARIMAX rotation method was applied using SPSS software to discover factors affecting the architecture of Mehr housing. Then, using MPLUS software, a confirmatory factor analysis method was used to confirm the exploratory factor structure. In the qualitative method, in-depth interview method was used. The statistical population is 36 architecture and urban planning professors and experts in the East Azerbaijan Housing Foundation. Responders' voices were coded using MAQXDA software. Responders' voices were coded using MAQXDA software and analyzed based on the method of structural equations and the alternative table.
Results and Discussion
The present study is related to Mehr housing architecture based on the physical-social dimension in the new city of Sahand, which the results showed that the index value (CMIN / DF) is equal to 3.85 which is desirable value for model fit. Also, the goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.999, which indicates the acceptability of this rate for optimal fit of the model. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is 0.000, which is acceptable due to being smaller than 0.05 and indicates the confirmation of the research model. Also, the comparative fit index (CFI) is 1.000, and the parsimony normed fit index (PNFI) is 0.82, which all indicate the desired fit and approval of the research model. Also, the second-order factor analysis shows that the factor loadings of all physical-social factors on the Mehr housing architecture are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 99% probability level. Comfort and security with a factor loading of 0.83 have the greatest impact on the housing architecture of the new city of Sahand. After that, landscape beauty (with factor loading 0.82), strength (with factor loading 0.80), privacy (with factor loading 0.79), facilities and equipment (with factor loading 0.71), location optimal (with a factor loading of 0.64), compatibility (with a factor loading of 0.56), accessibility (with a factor loading of 0.49) and culture (with a factor load of 0.11), respectively.
Conclusion
According to the obtained results, it is concluded that physical-social factors are influential in the satisfaction of Mehr housing residents of the new city of Sahand and there is a direct relationship between them. The results of this study are in line with internal researches such as Ansari, (2015), Imani et al, (2019), Barzegar et al. (2019), Pourahmad et al. (2019), Purdihimi et al. (2013), Pourmohammadi et al. (2014), Dashti et al. (2019), Hassanpour et al. (2019), and foreign researches such as Bentely et al., 2019, Boomsma et al., 2017, Duvier et al., 2018, Friesinger et al., 2019, Ramos et al., 2018.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahadnejad Roshti, M., Teymouri, A., Vaez Livari, M. & Tahmasebi Moghadam, H., (2021), An Analysis of Spatial Inequalities in Housing Quality in the Middle Textures of Zanjan, Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Vol.21, No.63, pp. 39-58. [In Persian]
  2. Alves, S. (2020). Divergence in planning for affordable housing: A comparative analysis of England and Portugal. Progress in Planning. pp.1-52 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2020.100536
  3. Amole, D. (2009). Residential satisfaction in students housing, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 29, pp. 76-85.
  4. Arvin M, & Azhand M, (2020), The effect of residential satisfaction on population sustainability in housing projects in Behshahan, Shahr Quarterly Journal of Urban Research and Planning, Vol.11, No 41 (41), pp. 83-98. [In Persian].
  5. Azhand, M, (2014), Physical-Social Evaluation of Mehr Housing Projects, S.c, Geography and Urban Planning, under the Supervisor of Ghaed Rahmati, S, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran.. [In Persian].
  6. Azizi, M.M, (2005), An analysis of the status and transformation of urban housing indicators in Iran; Fine Arts, No. 23, pp. 25-34. [In Persian].
  7. Bahmani A, & Ghaed Rahmati, S, (2016), Evaluation of Mehr housing in terms of quality indicators of suitable housing (Case study: Mehr housing, 22 Bahman, Zanjan). Geography and Regional Development, Vol.14, No. 1, pp. 47-65. [In Persian].
  8. Barzegar S, & Ghorbani A, (2019), Satisfaction analysis of Mehr housing project from the perspective of social sustainability Study sample: Mehr housing in Gorgan. Sociology of Social Issues in Iran, Vol.8, No. 1, pp. 1-19. [In Persian].
  9. Z, & Monvari M, (2017), Evaluation of ecological potential of urban land use with MCDM and GIS model (Case study: Sahand city). Geography and Development of Urban Space, Vol.4, No 1 (6 in a row), pp. 41-55. [In Persian].
  10. Bentley, R., Baker, E., & Aitken, Z. (2019). The ‘double precarity’ of employment insecurity and unaffordable housing and its impact on mental health. Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 225, pp 9-16. Retrieved from. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027795361930067X.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.008.
  11. Bidabadian, H. & Mahmoudzadeh, A., (2015), Economic and Social Pathology of Mehr Housing Project. International Conference on Man, Architecture, Civil Engineering and the City, June 15, 2015, Center for Strategic Studies in Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz, pp. 1-14 [In Persian].
  12. Boomsma, C., Pahl, S., Jones, R. V., & Fuertes, A. (2017). Damp in bathroom. Damp in back room. It's very depressing! exploring the relationship between perceived housing problems, energy affordability concerns, and health and well-being in UK social housing. Energy Policy, Vol.106, pp. 382-393. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421517302367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.04.011.
  13. Borgoni, R., Michelangeli, A., & Pirola, F. (2018). Residential Satisfaction for a Continuum of Households: Evidence from European Countries. University of Milan Bicocca Department of Economics, Management and Statistics Working Paper, p. 378.
  14. Duvier, C., Anand, P. B., & Oltean-Dumbrava, C. (2018b). Data quality and governance in a UK social housing initiative: Implications for smart sustainable cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol.39, pp. 358-365. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670717312520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.02.015.
  15. Ebdali Y, Razavian M. T, Alipoori E & Nadizadeh Shurabeh S, (2017), Assessing the level of residents' satisfaction with the quality of Mehr housing complexes (Case study: Noorabad city). Environmental Planning Quarterly. Vol. 13, No.51, pp. 43-62. [In Persian].
  16. Fonberg J. D, Schellenberg, G, (2019), Canadians’ satisfaction with their housing: Highlights from the 2018 Canadian Housing Survey, Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada – Catalogue No. 75f0002m, pp. 1-27.
  17. Friesinger, J. G., Topor, A., Bøe, T. D., & Larsen, I. B. (2019). Studies regarding supported housing and the built environment for people with mental health problems: A mixed-methods literature review. Health & Place, Vol.57, pp. 44-53. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829218306415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.03.006.
  18. Ge, J., & Hokao, K. (2006). Research on Residential Lifestyles in Japanese Cities from the Viewpoints of Residential Preference, Residential Choice and Residential Satisfaction. Journal Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.78, pp. 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.07.004.
  19. Gabriel, Michelle and Jacobs, Keith, (2008), The Post-Social Turn: Challenges for Housing Research, Housing Studies, Vol. 23, No.4, pp 527 - 540.
  20. Gang Meng, G. Brent H, (2006), Assessing housing quality in metropolitan Lima, Peru, J Housing Built Environ, Vol. 21, pp. 413-439.
  21. Hassanpour, A, & Mirjani, H, (2019), Rules of designing appropriate social housing in valuable and historical context (Case study: the old context of Yazd), Architecture, Vol.2, No.11, pp. 1-7. [In Persian].
  22. Hekmatnia, H, Mousavi, M. N, & Zarafshan, A, (2005), Study and analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Taft city, geography and regional development; No. 5, pp. 125-142. [In Persian].
  23. Hur, M, Nasar, J. L. & Chun, B. (2010). Neighborhood satisfaction, physical and perceived naturalness and openness. Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.30, pp. 52-59.
  24. Imani Jajarmi, H & Masoudian, Mehdi, (2019), New Settlements and Reproduction of Social Inequality (Lived Experience of Mehr Sadra Housing in Shiraz). Social Studies and Research in Iran, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 199-222. [In Persian].
  25. Karji, A., Woldesenbet, A., Khanzadi, M., & Tafazzoli, M. (2019). Assessment of Social Sustainability Indicators in Mass Housing Construction: A Case Study of Mehr Housing Project. Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol.50, 101697. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101697.
  26. Kim, J., Woo, A., & Cho, G.-H. (2020). Is shared housing a viable economic and social housing option for young adults? Willingness to pay for shared housing in Seoul. Cities, Vol.102, 102732. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026427511930931X.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102732.
  27. Kleinhans, R., & Elsinga, M. (2010). Buy Your Home and Feel in Control” Does Home Ownership Achieve the Empowerment of Former Tenants of Social Housing? International Journal of Housing Policy, Vol.10, No.1, pp.41-61. doi:10.1080/14616710903573757 
  28. Kuttner, K. N., & Shim, I. (2016). Can non-interest rate policies stabilize housing markets? Evidence from a panel of 57 economies. Journal of Financial Stability, 26, 31-44. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572308916300705.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2016.07.014.
  29. Lotfi, H, Ahmadi, A, & Hassanzadeh Farjud, D, (2009), Indicators and Essential Components in Rural Housing Planning and Policy in Iran, Geography and Planning, Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 105-128. [In Persian].
  30. Maalsen, S. (2019). Smart housing: the political and market responses of the intersections between housing, new sharing economies and smart cities. Cities, Vol. 84, pp. 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275117309472.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.06.025.
  31. Malek Afzali, A., & Qasem Sharifi, T., (2019), Mehr Housing Satisfaction Assessment Based on Indicators and Principles of Social Housing (Case Study: Shahr Jadid Parand, Shahr Jadid Pardis), Geography and Human Relations, Vol.2, N1, pp.72-94. [In Persian]
  32. Mann, Y, Hananel, R, (2021), Moving away from equality: The impact of planning and housing policy on internal migration and women’s employment in Israel, Progress in Planning Available online 13 January 2021, 100537, In Press, Corrected Proof
  33. Manville, G., & Greatbanks, R. (2020). Performance management in hybrid organizations: A study in social housing. European Management Journal, Vol.38, No.3, pp. 533-545. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026323732030058X. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.
  34. Moammari, E, Mirkatoli, J, & Bazi, Kh, (2019), Evaluation and monitoring of housing policies of urban low-income groups from the perspective of housing sustainability indicators (Case study: Mehr Gorgan housing), Geographical Research Quarterly Urban Planning, Vol. 7, No 4, pp. 723-741. [In Persian].
  35. Mohammadi Barimanloo, M, (2017), A Study of Housing Sustainability in Mehr Housing Projects, Case Study: Mehr Housing in Bojnourd, Sc. Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, under the Supervisor of Shokrgozar, A, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Gilan. [In Persian].
  36. Moon- Jeong Kim (2010), Residential Location Decisions: Heterogeneity and the Trade-off between Location and Housing Quality, The Ohio State University.
  37. Morey, J., Beizaee, A., & Wright, A. (2020). An investigation into overheating in social housing dwellings in central England. Building and Environment, Vol. 176, 106814. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132320301724.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106814.
  38. Mousavi, M, Nazari Valashani, P, & Kazemizad, Sh, (2010), An Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Indicators of Housing in Informal Settlements, Case Study: (Ghaem Shahr Neighborhood, Qom), Environmental Planning, Vol.3, No. 11, pp. 63-84. [In Persian].
  39. Mulder, Clara H. and Lauster, Nathanael T, (2010), Housing and Family: An Introduction, Housing Studies, Vol.25, No.4, pp. 433-440.
  40. Naseri, Sina, (2019), Landscape Architecture Teachings for Mehr Housing (Efficiency of Landscape Architecture, an Approach to Get Out of the Current Situation) Case Study: Mehr Housing, Tehran, Manzar, Vol.11, No. 49, pp. 48-57. [In Persian].
  41. Nahavandi, Maryam, (2004), Origin and classification of jobs from the perspective of Mohammad Ghazali, Labor and Society, No. 38, pp. 26-20. [In Persian].
  42. Nikpour, A, Ghasempour, F, Mollahosseini, A, (2020), Spatial analysis of housing indicators with a sustainable urban form approach (Case study: City of Babol); Urban Social Geography, Vol. 7, No. 2 (17), pp. 41-58. [In Persian].
  43. Nouri Imani E, Malek Fazli A& Saeidnia A, (2015), Measuring Satisfaction of Residential Quality from the Perspective of Mehr Housing Residents with Emphasis on Physical-Visual Dimension (Case Study: Ardabil), Quarterly Journal of Urban Management Studies, Vol.11, No.40, pp 17-30. [In Persian].
  44. O’Neill, Phillip, (2008), The Role of Theory in Housing Research: Partial Reflections of the Work of Jim Kemeny Housing, Theory and Society, Vol. 25, No.3, pp. 164-176
  45. Pekkonen, M., & Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U. (2015). Housing satisfaction in Finland with regard to area, dwelling type and tenure status. Central European journal of public health, Vol. 23, No.4, pp. 314-328.
  46. Pishegar, Elahe and Mohammadi, Alireza, (2020), An analysis of changes in housing indicators in the metropolis of Tehran during the period 1388 - 1398; City Economics, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 106-118. [In Persian].
  47. Pourahmad, A, Ashouri, H, & Hatami, A, (2019), Evaluation of residents' satisfaction with Mehr housing (Case study: Vahdat Complex in Shiraz), Urban Research and Planning, Vol. 10, No 39, pp. 63 - 72. [In Persian].
  48. Pourjafar Mohammad Reza, Montazer Al-Hijja Mehdi, Ranjbar Ehsan and Kabiri Reza, (2012), Evaluation of ecological potential in order to determine suitable areas for development within the new city of Sahand. Geography and Development, No. 10, pp. 11-22. [In Persian].
  49. Pourmohammadi, M, & Asadi, A, (2014), Evaluation of Mehr Shahr Zanjan Housing Projects, Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Vol.14, No. 23, pp. 171-192. [In Persian].
  50. Rafieian, M, Masoudi Rad. M, Rezaei. M, & Masoudi Rad. M, (2010), Measuring the level of residents' satisfaction with the quality of housing Mehr Case study: Mehr Shahr, Zahedan. Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, Vol. 4, No. 12, pp. 135-150. [In Persian].
  51. Ramezanpour, M, Sharghi, A, & Saleh Sadeghpour, B, (2020), Identification and Prioritization of Social and Physical Criteria of Heterogeneous Biological Complexes Based on Neighbor Perception, Iranian Architecture and Urban Planning, Vol.11, No. 20, pp. 153-172. [In Persian].
  52. Ramos, N. M. M., Almeida, R. M. S. F., Simões, M. L., Delgado, J. M. P. Q., Pereira, P. F., Curado, A., Fraga, S. (2018). Indoor hydrothermal conditions and quality of life in social housing: A comparison between two neighborhoods. Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol.38, pp. 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.12.016.
  53. Roustaei, Sh & Shrizadeh, A., (2020), Housing planning of low-income urban strata with a scenario writing approach (Case study: Tabriz metropolis), Urban Planning Geography Research, Vol.8, No.4, pp. 833-859. [In Persian]
  54. Sabounchi Lilabadi, M., Aminzadeh Goharrizi, B. & Shahcheraghi, A., (2021), A Study of Mental Indicators of Quality of Life of Residents of Residential Complexes in New Iranian Cities Based on Architectural Features (Case Study of Andisheh, Pardis, Parand Cities), Geography (Quarterly Journal of the Iranian Geographical Association), Vol.19, No.1, pp. 143-163. [In Persian]
  55. Saedi, M, Najafian, S, & Yousef Zamani, M, (2020), Investigating the Infrastructure Problems of Mehr Housing Projects in Sanandaj (Case Study: Mehr Baharan Housing Project), Fourth Technology Development Conference and International Conference on New Findings in Iranian Architecture and Construction Industry (Ircivil2019), June 17-18, 2016, Permanent Secretariat of the Conference and Sponsored by Civilica, Tehran. 1-12. [In Persian].
  56. Saremi, H, (2012), A Study of Housing Indices in Iran and the World; City Identity, Vol.6, No. 10. pp. 91-102. [In Persian].
  57. Sartipipour, M, (2004), Pathology of housing problems in Iran, Sefeh, Vol.14, No. 39, pp. 23-44. [In Persian].
  58. Sartipipour, M, (2005), Indices of Rural Housing Architecture in Iran, Fine Arts, No. 22, pp. 43-52. [In Persian].
  59. Seidaei, S, Kiani Salmi, S, & Soltani, Z, (2010), Spatial analysis of rural housing in Kohgoluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, Rural Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 49-72. [In Persian].
  60. Shaterian, M, Kiani Salmi, S, & Ghanbari, Rana, (2017), Assessing the socio-economic and physical effects of Mehr housing from the perspective of residents, Journal of Geography (Regional Planning), Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 126- 109. [In Persian].
  61. Shokoohi Bidhandi M. S, Sobhani A, & Zhand S, (2018), Pathology of Mehr Housing Project according to the teachings of urban planning teachings of the native model of study (case study: Bandar Khamir). Islamic Architecture Research, Vol.6, No. 3 (30), pp. 91-115. [In Persian].
  62. Siqueira-Gay, J., Gallardo, A. L. C. F., & Giannotti, M. (2018). Integrating socio-environmental spatial information to support housing plans. Cities. Vol. 91, pp. 106-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.11.010.
  63. Soederberg, S. (2018). The Rental housing Question: Exploitation, eviction and erasures. Geoforum, Vol. 89, pp. 114-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.01.007.www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum.
  64. Sørensen, J. F. (2014). Rural–urban differences in life satisfaction: Evidence from the European Union. Regional Studies, Vol.48, No.9, pp.1451-1466.
  65. Thorsson, S., Lindqvist, M & Lindqvist, S. (2004).Thermal bioclimatic conditions and patterns of behaviour in an urban park in Goteborg, Sweden. International Journal of Biometeorol, Vol. 48, pp.149-156.
  66. World Bank, (1992), The Housing Indicators Program: Extensive Survey, Part II, UNCHS and World Bank, The World Bank.
  67. Wu, Y., Luo, J., & Peng, Y. (2020). An optimization-based framework for housing subsidy policy in China: Theory and practice of housing vouchers. Land Use Policy, Vol.94, 104526. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837719318897.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104526.
  68. Yazdani, Mohammad Hossein, Saeedi, Samira and Pashazadeh, Asghar, (2019), A Survey of the Satisfaction of the Residents of Mehr Housing (Case Study: Mehr Horse Dinner in Ardabil), Geography and Planning, Vol.23, No. 67, pp. 327-349. [In Persian].
  69. Zanganeh, M, Bani Asad, T, & Khavari, A, (2020), A Study of Social Stability in New Towns (Case Study: Mehregan Town in Mashhad); Urban Structure and Function Studies, Vol.7, No. 22, pp. 129-113. [In Persian].
  70. Zanjani, H, (1992), Population and Urbanization in Iran, Second Edition, Tehran: Iran Urban Planning and Architecture Studies and Research Center. [In Persian].
  71. Ziari, K, (2006), A study of quantitative and qualitative changes in housing in the city of Maragheh and forecasting the housing required until 1402, Geography and Development, Vol. 4, No. 8, pp. 85-105. [In Persian].
  72. Zohreh, M, & Rezaei, H, (2020), Assessment of residential satisfaction in Mehr housing complex as a strategy to prevent the loss of national capital, architecture and urban planning of Iran, Vol.11, No, 20; pp 5-20. [In Persian].
Geography
Volume 19, Issue 69
Summer 1400, pp. 1-150.
September 2021
Pages 53-69

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics