Explaining the role of geographical factors and geopolitical components in shaping geopolitics relations(with a critical and new approach)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 PhD of Political Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor of Political Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor of Political Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

4 Associate Professor of Political Geography, Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Extended Abstract
Introduction
Relationship between countries in the world system is affected by various factors. The study of the theories of different thinkers, suggests that the relationship between powers and states is formed by based on many components and variables. In the meantime Geographical and geopolitical elements are important substrates for the formation of geopolitics relations at regional, trans-regional and global levels, Therefore the importance of geopolitical relations in advancing the goals and policies of countries and geographical areas is undeniable Because how countries and powers influence and benefit from their peripheral developments,  in addition to their national power and their regional situation,  depends largely on the geographical and geopolitical realities, the type of relationships and the quality of their interactions with other actors.  The present research has two theoretical and applied goals. The theoretical goal is to increase knowledge and contribute to the theorizing field of political Geography and geopolitical knowledge studies And Its most important practical purpose is also to help to compile a practical analytical-theoretical model regarding geopolitical relations in regional, trans-regional and global scales.
 
Methodology
This article  is a fundamental and developmental theory in terms of nature and is descriptive - analytical in terms of content. The required information has been collected using the library method (books, articles and treatises) and its conclusions have been made in a qualitative and inferential method.
 
Results and Discussion
Many factors play a role in the formation of geopolitical relations, in order to identify these components and explain the comprehensive model to present the model of geopolitical relations, the theories of various thinkers (twelve thinkers) expressed at different times were evaluated. it was found that at least more Of the ten indicators, they are effective in shaping geopolitical relations at the regional, peripheral and global levels. In the proposed theories of geopolitical relations in various scales, one or more geographical and geopolitical components have been emphasized and are basically uniaxial, while various elements have an influence on the formation and evolution of different types of geopolitical relations. Under the influence of the three main elements of geopolitical relations, namely: geography, politics and power, certain patterns of geopolitical relations (interactive, competitive, confrontational, continuity, influence and dominance) are formed in various regional, extra-regional and global scales. Among the mentioned levels, the regional level is more important. Among the mentioned models: interactive, competitive relations, dominance relations, influence relations, are the result of the thoughts of experts in different eras, and the geopolitical stability and continuity relation is one of the achievements of the present research. In this article, the effective components in creating geopolitical relations have been identified in the relevant theories. Although these factors still play a role in the formation of geopolitical relations, they are more focused on the centrality of conflict, tension, geopolitical crises and geopolitics of war, and in fact, it is a classic and traditional view of geopolitical relations. While the geopolitical factors of relations should be in agreement with the current conditions of the regional and global geopolitical system and be a comprehensive model to explain the pattern of geopolitical relations of countries.
 
Conclusion
In the current research, in addition to reviewing and criticizing past theories and research related to geopolitical relations, a new model was proposed in geopolitical relations, and new factors and components in the formation of relations were identified. The results of the research findings indicate that new factors and elements are involved in the formation of geopolitics relations  Which in addition to geographical and geostrategic conditions The is on the geoeconomic components, geopolitics of resource, geopolitics of identity, geopolitics of tourism, geopolitics of globalization and the geopolitics of cyberspace between regions and countries emphasize.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

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Geography
Volume 21, Issue 79
Winter 2024, pp.1-200.
January 2024
Pages 85-108

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