Geography

Geography

The position of private car use at the national level with an emphasis on cultural geography

Document Type : Article extracted From phd dissertation

Authors
1 Doctoral student of Art Research, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Art Research Professor, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.
3 Art Research Professor, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
We live with goods in geographical space; Living with objects requires their localization, adaptation, and placement. In fact, it is the relationship between goods and people and the way goods are placed in Special spaces, which creates a distinct material culture. On the other hand, goods establish their national identity by their physical presence at specific times and places by organizing a network of cultural elements of communication. A network of connections in which cultural connections are institutionalized and define the symbolic meaning of goods.
 
Methodology
The methodology used in this research is qualitative in nature, that is, it is a research in which the findings produced are not the product of statistical procedures and information quantification, but qualitative methodology is an approach to social phenomena.
 
Results and Discussion
Consumerism is one of the challenging fields for academic environments; Because it is both a sign of materialistic false consciousness and a sign of tactical proportionality of power. In such a way that in the face of the all-encompassing power of capital, it constitutes a kind of rebellious self-promotion. It should be clarified that none of these views are related to the proposed approach, i.e. attention to consumption as a part of daily life in certain environments and social connection with certain types of objects, i.e. goods.
 
Conclusion
To conduct this research in the field of the material culture of symbolic goods and national identity, the national levels of the car as the important symbol of the auto industry of the twentieth century have been clarified. In sociology, the Keywords such as Fordism and post-Fordism indicate the importance of the car. The types of cars and the identities attributed to the car play an important role in the formation of material culture and influence concepts such as gender and independence. The results show that symbolic goods, such as cars, can be integrated into Culture and national identities, be practically and symbolically adapted to Various national spaces, and expand into emotional connections that harmonize ideas about national car cultures.
 
Keywords

Subjects


  1. Attfield, J. (2000). Wild Things: The Material Cultures of Everyday Life, Oxford: Berg.-Appadurai, A. (1986). Introduction: commodities and the politics of value, in A. Appadurai (ed.) The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  2. Hilton, S. (2001). Take the wrap, The Guardian, G2, 8 June, p. 2.
  3. Basham, F., Ughetti, B. & Rambali, P. (1984). Car Culture, London: Plexus.
  4. Bayly, C. (1986) The origins of swadeshi (home Industry): cloth and Indian society, 1700–1930, in A. Appadurai (ed.) The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  5. Bull, M. (2001). Soundscapes of the car: a critical ethnography of automobile habitation, in D. Miller (ed.) Car Cultures, Oxford: Berg.
  6. Claessen, C. (1993). Worlds of Sense: Exploring the Senses in History and Across Cultures, London: Routledge.
  7. Dant, T. (1999). Material Culture in the Social World, Buckingham: Open University Press.
  8. Fiske, J. (1989). Understanding Popular Culture, London: Unwin Hyman.
  9. Foreman-Peck, P., Bowden, S. and McKinley, A. (1995). The British Motor Industry, Manchester: Manchester University Press, Vol. 59, No. 2, PP. 524-525.
  10. Foster, R. (1999). The commercial construction of new nations, Journal of Material Culture, Vol. 4, No. 3, PP. 263–282.
  11. Graves Brown, P. (2000). Always crashing in the same car, in P. Graves-Brown (ed.) Matter, Materiality and Modern Culture, London: Routledge.
  12. Hagman, O. (1993). The Swedishness of cars in Sweden, in K. Sorensen (ed.) The Car and its Environments: The Past, Present and Future of the Motorcar in Europe. Luxembourg: European Commission.
  13. Kirkham, P. & Attfield, J. (1996). Introduction, in P. Kirkham (ed.) The Gendered Object, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  14. Knorr Cetina, K. (1997). Sociality with objects: social relations in post social knowledge societies, in Theory, Culture and Society, Vol. 14, No.4, PP. 1–30.
  15. Latour, B. (2000). The Berlin key or how to do words with things, in P. Graves Brown (ed.) Matter, Materiality and Modern Culture, London: Routledge.
  16. Macnaghten, P. & Urry, J. (1998). Contested Natures, London: Sage.
  17. O’Connell, S .(1998). The Car and British Society: Class Gender and Motoring 1896–1939, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  18. O’Dell, T. (2001). Raggare and the panic of mobility: modernity and hybridity in Sweden, in D. Miller (ed.) Car Cultures, Oxford: Berg.
  19. Ross, K. (1995). Fast Cars, Clean Bodies: Decolonization and the Reordering of French Culture, London: MIT Press.
  20. Russell, M. (1995). Braveheart points up positive nature of independence, The Scotsman, Vol. 20, No. 6, PP. 10-13.
  21. Spooner, B. (1986). Weavers and dealers: the authenticity of an oriental carpet, in A. Appadurai (ed.) The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  22. Sheller, M., Urry, J. (2000). The city and the car, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 24, No. 9, PP. 78-89.
  23. Schiffer, M., Miller, A. (1999). The Material Life of Human Beings: Artefacts, Behaviour and Communication, London: Routledge.
  24. Sorensen, K. (ed.) (1993). The Car and its Environments: The Past, Present and Future of the Motorcar in Europe, Luxembourg: European Commission.
  25. Thrift, N. (2000). Still life in nearly present time: the object of nature, Body and Society, Vol. 6, No. 9, PP. 3–4.
  26. Travers, J. (2002). la belle americaine. http://www.frenchfilms.org/review/la-belle-americaine-1961.
  27. Venäläinen, J. (2018). Culturalization of the economy and the artistic qualities of contemporary capitalism, Art and the Challenge of Markets, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Vol. 2,pp. 37-64.