Extended Abstract
Introduction
Nowadays cities are not independent from their surroundings, and studying the city together with its surroundings, or in other words, the urban area, is an inevitable necessity. For this purpose, the examination of population and employment data, changes or trends of displacements, various functions of the area, existing spatial structures, existing interactions between elements, the way of population concentration, as well as the examination of issues and problems caused by the formation of urban areas should be taken into consideration by urban managers and planners. Considering the extensive interactions of the central city with its surrounding areas and the impact of this process in different dimensions, the purpose of this research is to examine the issues and problems caused by the formation of urban areas in Iran, and in this regard, the urban area of Tabriz has been investigated. The mother city of Tabriz has a mutual relationship with 11 urban points around it, and this area can be called the urban area of Tabriz. Interactions and developments that have taken place in recent years in various social, economic, physical, etc. dimensions have made the urban area of Tabriz face many problems and issues, hence the investigation of these issues and problems and the presentation of workable solutions to promote the stability and development of the region it is necessary.
 
Methodology
The research method in the present study is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature. The statistical population of the research was also formed by managers and city officials, and due to the unknown size of the statistical population, 100 people were determined as the sample size through Cohen's method and non-random sampling. In this research, the most important issues and problems of the urban area of Tabriz were first identified by examining the existing documents and materials, especially the "Comprehensive" development and construction plan approved in 2015 and interviewing a statistical sample, then through questioning the sample size and using the factor analysis model in SPSS software environment, the amount of these factors and their classification has been done.
 
Results and Discussion
The findings of the research show that the most important issues and problems of Tabriz urban region can be divided into 6 main categories, which include 81.452% of the issues and problems of Tabriz urban region based on the factor analysis model. The factors and issues extracted in order of importance include issues of spatial structure and organization, environmental issues, physical vulnerability, economic issues, communication network, transportation and traffic, and socio-cultural issues, whose special value is 6.915, 3.422, 2/711, 2/091, 1/822 and 1/327 respectively. It can also be said that the one-sided and unipolar structure of the region (Tabriz metropolis) has had a significant effect on increasing issues and problems.
 
Conclusion
Surveys in Tabriz urban region indicate the existence of many issues and problems in the direction of realizing the sustainable development of the region, which can be divided into 6 main groups.

a) Spatial structure and organization

Tabriz urban region does not have a unified and coherent framework, and the interference of the boundaries of the city of Tabriz with the neighboring cities, as well as the transformation of the surrounding rural settlements into unproductive areas, is one of the basic issues of the region. Inside the city of Tabriz, we can also refer to the physical expansion of the city and the construction of apartments and the per capita lack of basic services.

b) Environmental issues

The environment of Tabriz urban region, especially in the west, has been facing many problems due to the gradual drying up of Lake Urmia and the expansion of various industries and the destruction of valuable agricultural and horticultural lands in various sectors. Also, in the city of Tabriz, the pollution of surface streams (teapots) and the improper disposal of sewage and
 
domestic effluents and urban passages to the riverbed are among the basic environmental issues.

c) Physical vulnerability

Tabriz urban region is located in areas with a high risk of earthquakes, and we have witnessed numerous earthquakes in the region over the past years. Also, in the city of Tabriz, we see the expansion of houses in the northern areas and around the fault line, and in case of possible earthquakes, irreparable damage will be done to this area.

d) Economic issues

Most of the region's services are established in Tabriz city and many people from the region's cities travel to this city to receive various services (it should be mentioned that a large population from other cities and provinces also enter Tabriz city to receive some services). Therefore, the unipolarity of the area may cause the loss of the attractiveness of the surrounding areas. Also, at the level of Tabriz city, we can see the polarization of the city in terms of the level of development and the formation of new Tabriz in the east and old Tabriz in the west.

e) Communication, transportation and traffic network

The communication network of the region is in a good condition and only in the city of Tabriz, we have witnessed the absence of the north-south corridor and the weakness of transportation facilities and facilities, the lack of parking and the low capacity of communication networks due to the use of marginal and double parks.

f) Social and cultural issues

The social and cultural issues of Tabriz urban region include the intensification of migration to the region, especially from outside urban and rural areas, as well as the intensification of further migration to the city of Tabriz, especially from the peripheral areas (urban area), which, in addition to increasing the problems and problems of the city of Tabriz, decreases the population of the peripheral areas. will lead Also, migration to Tabriz city on the one hand and bipolarization of the city and the attractiveness of the eastern regions on the other hand will reduce the population of old areas, especially the historical context of the city, and gradually reduce their social and cultural dignity.
 
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved the content of
the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of
the work.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific
consultants of this paper.