Geo-economic Position of Russia in “Commonwealth of Independent States” (CIS), with Emphasis on the Role of Oil & Gas

Authors

1 PhD Student in political Geography, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of political Geography, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

 
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Rich energy resources and transit through Russia in Commonwealth of Independent States have attracted the attention of regional and supra-regional power and it created tensions. Thus, the attempt to integrate the geo-economic space and integrate it with geopolitical games is interesting for Russian strategists in order to change the situation in favor of their policies. Considering the volume of energy reserves  of  Commonwealth of Independent States, Russia’s transit line will be extensive and the influence of Russian oil and gas companies on Commonwealth of Independent States is obvious through energy geo-economic strategy while ensuring mutual political economic security. There is a common interests between them, Of course, this issue is a geostrategic and geopolitical importance for Russia’s issue because Russia will achieve its goals, which are the expansion of economic and political hegemony, through oil and gas energy tools It forms a subset of geo-economic thinking.
 
Methodology
The research method of this article is analytical-descriptive. The information was collected and translated using valid scientific- specialized articles from academic and research sites, also the concept of geo-economic thinking, the role of oil and gas energy and routes are explained. Transit in this region is assessed, according Russian’s  maintenance and monitoring the region in global level. Monitoring and intervention through geo-economic considerations are discussed too.
 
Results and discussion
Competition over the control and supervision of oil and gas extraction centers and transition lines are an important factor for the hegemony of energy-owning countries. Meanwhile, rivalries and conflicts between Russia and foreign countries, especially those with oil and Gas energy reserves, over capacity building for investment and maximizing national-commercial interests have led to geopolitical conflicts by trans-regional countries and it caused the creation of new structures to improve infrastructure. It will affect trades and the movement of goods and services, as foreign countries in which do not have close access to ports and open waters, this will pave the way for new opportunities for Russia to remove such barriers.
 
Conclusion
Russia’s approach to foreign countries is nothing more than a fundamental change in its economy ,and it efforts to resolve local-regional problems and  conflicts. In this regard can involve the broad  participation of these countries. Russia and foreign countries are close to each other in economic-trade matters, and membership in alliances such as the shanghai cooperation Organization which has largely allayed Russia’s concerns about foreign influence, but the influence of the United States and its allies in the region couldn’t be ignored. However, it creates a security vacuum that could challenge Russia’s geo-economic goals.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Adami, A., Falah, M. & Momeni, M.R. (2021) Kazakhstan’s Development Pattern (2010-2020)  Central Eurasia Studies, Vol.13, No.9, pp. 345-370. [Persian].
  2. Ashrafi,Y. & Ruhani, M. (2022) Factors influencing an optimal of energy diplomacy in line with economic defense ,Quarterly Defense Economics, Vol.6, No.20, pp.129-153. [Persian].
  3. Baev, P. K. (2020) Russia Strives for an Oil and Gas Resurgence, Publication: Eurasia Daily Monitor Vol. 17, No. 173, pp.1-26, https://jamestown.org/program/russia-strives-for-an-oil-and-gas-resurgence
  4. Dadparvar, Sh. & Azizi, S. (2022) Geo-Economics of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Its Economic Security, Open Journal of Political Science, Vol.12, No.1, pp. 14-27,https://doi.org/10.4236/ojps.2022.121002
  5. Dong, Y. (2020) Geo-Economics behind BRI, Academic Journal of Business & Management, ISSN 2616-5902 Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 21-27, https://doi.org/10.25236/AJBM.2020.020604
  6. Ebrahimi,M, Navakhti moghada,A .& Osoli,GH. (2021) The Determinative Factors of Iran’s Relation with the Central Asian Republic from Political Economy Perspective (Case Study: Turkmenistan and Tajikistan),Central Eurasia Studies, Vol.13,  2, pp.325-344. [Persian].
  7. Ezati, E.A. (2019) 21st  Century Geopolitics ,Tehran, SAMT (organization).
  8. Ezati, E.A. (2009) Geostrategy and 21st Century,Tehran, SAMT (organization).
  9. Ghorbani,V. (2022) China’s contemporary Energy Security Strategy in West Asia , Foreign Relations Quarterly, Vol.13, No.3, pp.627-658. [Persian].
  10. Hafez Nia, M. R. (2018) Principles and Concepts of Geopolitics ,Mashhad: papoli publisher. [Persian].
  11. Habibi,M. Bakhshayeshi Ardestani,A. & Shirza,H.R. (2021). Regional obstacles to regaining power in the Russian Federation during Putin's second term, from 2014 to 2019  ,political Science Quarterly, Vol.16, No.53, pp. 157-137. [Persian].
  12. Jafari, A, Maleki, M. (2021). The Iranian and Russian Foreign Policy Equation in the Caspian Energy Puzzle   ,World politics A Quarterly Journal, Vol.9, No.14, Serial Number 34, pp.101-134.  [Persian].
  13. Jaeger, Bruna. (2020). Geoeconomics in the light of International Political Economy: a theoretical discussion, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 22-36, https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572020-2982
  14. Kheiri,M & Izadi,R. (2018). Russia’s Interests in Near Abroad Case study: Armen, Centeral Asia the Caucasus Studies, Vol.23, No.100, pp.1-24. [Persian].
  15. Khosro,S., Ezati, A. & Sarvar, R. (2021) The Impact of Iran-Russia Defense Cooperation on Iran's Geopolitical Strategy, (Centered on oil and gas) Scientific Quarterly Journal of Defense Strategy, Vol.18, No. 79, pp.53-74. [Persian].
  16. Karimi poor, D. (2021) Energy diplomacy and Russian Regional Balance Strategy in the Middle East , Foreign Relations Quarterly, Vol.12, No.4, pp.613-642. [Persian].
  17. Karkhizan Khozani, K. , Vosoghi,S. & Ebrahimi, SH. (2022) The Nature of Relations between Germany and the Russian Federation in Central Asia , Centeral Asia the Caucasus Studies,Vol.27, No.11, pp.61-84. [Persian].
  18. Kaveh,A. ,Torabi,A. ,Rezaei, A. R. (2022) China Silk Road Initiative and Hegemony in Central Asia , Centeral Asia the Caucasus Studies, Vol.27, No.114, pp.131-158. [Persian]
  19. Kolaii,E. ,Hadi poor,M. (2021) Analysis of Russian Foreign Policy in the South Caucasus based on Gene-geopolitics  ,Central Eurasia Studies, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 664-645. [Persian].
  20. Kolaii,E. ,Moradi Alh,A. (2012) Russia’S Energy Policy In Central Asia    ,The Scientific Journal of Strategy, Vol.20, No.61, pp.31-56. [Persian].
  21. Kordi Kalak, M., Heidar poor, M,. & Javdani moghadam, M. (2022) Investigating the NATO-Shanghai Conflict in the Persian Gulf , Journal of political and International Researches,Vol.12, No.46, pp.375-393. [Persian].
  22. Kochak zadeh tahemtan,R, & Godarzi,Mahnaz. (2022) Factors Affecting the Position of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East Policies of Russia (2011-2017),Quarterly Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies on Strategic Knowledge, Vol.11, No.43,pp.357-384. [Persian].
  23. Kim, D. J. (2021) Making Geoeconomics an IR Research Program, International Studies Perspectives, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 321–339, https://doi.org/10.1093/isp/ekaa018
  24. Li, M. (2020). The Belt and Road initiative Geo-economics and indo-pacific security competition, International Affairs, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 169–187. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz240
  25. Mir Ashrafi, S.N.A, Kiani, D. & Sherkhani, A. (2019). Comparative Study on America and Policies Relating to Energy Security in Southern Caucasia ,Research Letter of international Relarion,Vol.11, No.43, pp. 129-165. [Persian].
  26. Mojtahed Zadeh, M. (2001) Geopolitical Ideas and Iranian Realities ,Tehran, samt publisher.
  27. Majidi, M.R. & Hoseini, S.M. (2022) Hybrid strategy; EU gas agenda for Russia , Foreign Relations Quarterly, Vol.13, No.2,pp.233-267. [Persian].
  28. Ofori, Felix N.K, Sarpong, D. (2020) Business geo-politics, geo-economics and the fourth Industrial Revolution: An interview with Maxim Shashenkov (Arterial Capital Management), South African Journal of Business Managemen,pp1-6,South African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 51, No. 1 , https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v51i1.1667
  29. Pishgahi Fard,Z. & Ranjbar,K. (2021) Geopolitical Analysis of Iran-Turkmenistan Relations with Emphasis on Water Diplomacy and Energy Transfer , Central Eurasia Studies, Vol.13, No.2, pp.391-417. [Persian].
  30. Rezapur,D. ,Hedayati Shahidani,M. (2021). EU Energy Diplomacy towards the Republic of Azerbaijan: Reasons and Consequences , political and international Approaches   ,Vol.12, No. 2, Serial Number 64, pp.151-178. [Persian].
  31. Rodrigues, Bernardo Salgado. (2021) China’s Hybrid Geoeconomics in South America, Chinese Journal of International Review, Vol. 02, No. 02, 2050007, pp.1-27, https://doi.org/10.1142/S2630531320500079
  32. Soldatkin, V. (2019) Russian oil output down in February, misses global deal target’, available at https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oil-opec-russia/russian-oil-output-down-in-february-misses-glob-al-deal-target
  33. Safari,F. ,Ahmadi,H. & Barzegar, K. (2022) A Study of the Sino-Russian Approach to Regional Order in Eurasia ,Internationa studies Journal, Vol.18, No.1, Serial Number69, pp.83-102.[Persian].
  34. Sabaghyan,A. & Rasuli,R. (2022) Stability Analysis of Russia-EU Energy Relations after the Ukraine Crisis from Perspective of the Interdependence Theory ,Central Eurasia Studies, Vol.14, No.1, pp.177-201. [Persian].
  35. Sekaric, N. (2020) China’s 21st century Geopolitics and Geo-economics:An Evidence from the western Balkans, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 356–376, https://doi.org/10.2298/MEDJP2002356S
  36. Wang , S ,Xiao X, Axing Z& Yuejing G. (2017) The Key Driving Forces for Geo-Economic Relationships between China and ASEAN, Countries, Vol 9, No.12. pp. 65-84. 
  37. Vali Zadeh,A. & Sadeghi,M. (2022) The Convention on the Legal Regime of the Caspian Sea and Iran’s Position in the South Caucasus Energy Geopolitics , Central Eurasia Studies,Vol.14, No.1,pp.153-176. [Persian].
  38. Verij Kazemi, M. (2021) Feasibility study of Geo-economic crisis in Afghanistan and its impact on the surrounding environment  ,Geography And Human Relationships, Vol.4, No.2, Serial Number14,pp.399-414. [Persian].
  39. Vali Zadeh, A. & Sharif Kazemi, K. (2022) The European Union’s Joint Security and Foreign Policy towards Russia , Centeral Asia the Caucasus Studies,Vol.27, No.113, pp.131-164. [Persian].
  40. Zomorodi Anbaji,Z. & Haji Yusefi,A.M. (2022) Geopolitics of Energy and Russian Military Involvement in Syria ,International Quarterly Geopolitics, Vol.17, No.1, pp.116-144. [Persian].
  41. http://energycharter.org/filmeadmin/Documentsmedia/kyrgyzstanEn2018.//energycharter (2018) In-Depth Review of the Energy Efficiency Policy of the Kyrgyz Republic, pp.1-188.
  42. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/ /KazakhstanEnergyProfile.pdf// Iea(2021) Kazakhstan Energy Profile, pp. 1-44.
  43. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/Central-Asian-Gas-NG-155.pdf// Oxford energy(2019) Central Asian Gas: prospects for the 2020s.
  44. )https://central.asianews.com.en/ features/2018/08/10/feature-01/ Mirsaidov, Negmatullo (2018) Gazprom dashes Tajikistan's hopes for resource wealth, pp. 1-6.
  45. https://researchgate.net/figure/Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India-TAPI-pipeline-project-proposed-map-9_fig2_341799757
  46. https://dailybrief.oxan.com/Analysis/DB141950/Turkmenistan-EU-Pipeline-deal-hinges
  47. https:// ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/noteenergielvasanczki.pdf
  48. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipelines_in_Azerbaijan
  49. http://.gazpromexport.ru/en/partners/kazakhstan
  50. http://en.trend.az . capital/energy/2189867.html.
  51. https:// gisreportsonline.com/energy,tag.html
  52. https://tr.pinterest.com/eryigit_fatih/oil/
Geography
Volume 19, Issue 71
Winter 2022, pp 1-190.
March 2022
Pages 23-42

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics