Efficiency of agricultural systems with emphasis on sustainable development; Case: central part of Varamin (Tehran province)

The socio-economic developments of recent decades have become the basis for all-round transformations in various fields, including changes in agricultural systems and production relations in the agricultural sector. The beginning of such transformations can be traced back to the early years of the 1340s and the implementation of land reforms in Iran. With the implementation of the Land Reforms Law and the establishment of subsequent laws on land ownership, the traditional system of agricultural exploitation, which had been ruling in the country for centuries, was gradually transformed and other forms of exploitation, including cooperatives, agriculture and mechanized farms, emerged. became. This was while, along with such new systems, the traditional system of agricultural production continued to survive. In the meantime, a difference and in some cases an obvious conflict emerged between the traditional methods of production that were still preserved especially in the villages and the new methods that were mainly applied in mechanized farms. These differences include various aspects that can be traced and investigated in environmental, social and economic dimensions.
This study has tried in the framework of the villages of the central part of Varamin city, while comparing various methods, to study their efficiency in the form of sustainable development and sustainability of agricultural activity. Based on this, the environmental, social and economic consequences of each of these systems have been comparatively investigated. Thus, in this research, an effort has been made to emphasize the systemic approach and in this connection, its concepts and requirements in the study of agricultural systems, and in addition, the concepts of sustainable development and agricultural sustainability. The main questions of this research revolve around how to transition from the traditional system to the new system of exploitation and adaptation of these two systems. These questions have been the basis of the research hypotheses, which are: a. The process of transformation of traditional systems and the formation of modern agricultural systems following socio-economic developments has provided the weak ground for the traditional exploitation of water and soil resources; b. Although modern agricultural systems have been more successful in the field of production and access to the market, they have been less efficient than traditional systems in terms of sustainability.
The statistical population of this research is 27 villages in the central part of Varamin city, and a combined method (quantitative and qualitative) has been used for its advancement. This article is organized in 5 chapters.
The findings of the research indicate that although at the beginning it seemed that the new units would be successful in the field of producing products and earning more money, in practice due to internal factors, including excessive use of limited and sensitive water resources. and soil, and the impact of external factors, including insufficient allocation of water from extra-regional water supply facilities, have not been able to continue their work in a sustainable way and in harmony with the surrounding environment like traditional systems.