Sustainable tourism from theory to realization: a critical approach

During the last few decades, the tourism industry has become one of the most important industries in the world and a driver for socio-economic progress, the upward trend in the number of international tourists also depicts a clear perspective for this industry in the coming years. At the same time as the importance of the tourism industry, its environmental, economic, political and socio-cultural consequences have also become the focus of attention. Despite many positive consequences, if tourism is not planned and managed rationally, it will also have many negative consequences. In order to minimize possible negative consequences, the concept of sustainable tourism was proposed, which means creating a balance between the three economic, environmental and socio-cultural dimensions of tourism development. The fact is that despite the adoption of the sustainable tourism paradigm and the issuance of statements and the signing of numerous agreements in recent years, there is a large gap between words and actions in the field of sustainable tourism development, and a small number of approved policies lead to results. expected results. In related scientific texts, many obstacles have been mentioned on the way to the realization of the principles of sustainable tourism. The current applied research by using library studies, referring to the database of international institutions and content analysis of concepts and collected secondary data, argues that the root of all these obstacles should be found in two factors of non-institutionalization of adherence to He searched the principles of sustainability in the culture and moral values of the society and the inefficiency of the traditional tourism policy system. This article considers the movement of societies towards accepting adherence to sustainability principles as requiring culture building through formal and informal methods of education and changing the orientation of the current education system. Also, with the argument that in the field of tourism, the weakness and non-implementation of the existing policies is largely due to the limitations and ineffectiveness of the traditional centralized policy structure governing tourism, this article considers good governance as a concept that an efficient policy system must have. The basis of its principles should be formed and it suggests a practical approach to move towards the sustainable development of tourism.