اثرات گسترش فیزیکی بر تاب‌آوری زیست‌محیطی شهر بابل

Extended Abstract
Introduction
The idea of ​​resilience is an accepted positive trait that contributes widely to sustainability. Definitions of urban resilience focus mainly on sustainability. Urban resilience and sustainability have emerged in recent years as an important paradigm for understanding the threats to humanity and the environment. From the perspective of environmental management, socio-environmental system approaches use interdisciplinary research to evaluate and enhance the sustainability of social and environmental systems. Criteria for assessing urban resilience in regions are divided into several main issues that cover the environmental, economic, social and institutional dimensions of sustainability.
Methodology
This research is of applied type and can help in making decisions and improving urban growth management in the form of urban resilience approach. In this research, quantitative research method has been used. In order to achieve its goals, it is done by descriptive and analytical methods and the growth pattern of the city of Babol in recent decades was analyzed and analyzed with environmental resilience indicators. The method of data collection is both library and field. Library studies include the use of document sources, as well as books, dissertations, journals and articles, statistics, and research in this field. For this research, the method of interpreting satellite images and aerial photographs has been used. A combination of aerial and satellite images has been used to study and understand the growth of the city. The Holdern method is one of the basic methods for determining the urban sprawl. In this way, it is possible to determine how much of the urban growth has been due to population growth and how much has been due to unstable urban growth.
 Results and discussion
The phenomenon of urban creep causes access to fertile agricultural lands around and around the city. With the destruction and analysis of the natural environment, the rural identity of these areas is destroyed. In the studies performed in the urban constructions of Babolrud area, the area of ​​the river area has been used based on the specified area of ​​the area prepared by the municipality. A number of urban blocks are completely or partially located in the river. According to the 2016 census, there are 10,478 people living in these blocks, who are at risk of flooding and flooding of houses during heavy rains. The map obtained from the satellite images of 1986 shows that the city of Babol and the city of Amirkola were physically connected to each other. The phenomenon of urban creep causes access to fertile agricultural lands around and around the city. With the destruction and analysis of the natural environment, the rural identity of these areas is destroyed. In the studies carried out in the urban constructions of Babolrud area, the area of ​​the river area has been used based on the specified area of ​​the map prepared by the municipality and a number of urban blocks are completely or partially in the area of ​​the river. According to the 2016 census, there are 10,478 people living in these blocks, who are at risk of flooding and flooding of houses during heavy rains. The map obtained from the satellite images of 1986 shows that the city of Babol and the city of Amirkola were physically connected to each other. The study of the city land use map shows that the residential lands with an area of ​​941.25 hectares constitutes the most land use within the city of Babel. Urban green space covers 898.65 hectares of the city limits, which include public green spaces, agricultural land and inner city gardens. The results of the Holdern model for the city of Babel in Table 3 show that between 1958 and 1987 about 66% of the physical growth of the city was related to population growth and 34% of the city growth was related to the horizontal distribution of the city. The obtained results related to the years 1365 to 1375 show that in this period, the growth of the city of Babel was 1.11 percent related to population growth and -0.11 percent was related to the physical growth of the city. The results of the study of the landscape pattern show the expansion of the main core of the city and the integration of the spots with the surrounding spots and the main core of the city and their inclusion. Examination of the marginal spots and their density shows that they have grown over the years and joined the core of the city.
Conclusion
According to the results obtained from the urban area of ​​Babol, the increase of urban lands from 1958 to 2018 shows 12.63 times the increase of these lands. The city of Babol is one of the major cities in the northern region of the country, which is topographically located in a flat plain and in direct contact with fertile agricultural lands and water areas. There are also weaknesses in terms of paying attention to the river area and observing it, so that about 10,000 people live in building blocks, all or part of which are located in the area, which indicates a decrease in light. The city is prosperous in terms of environmental issues. Due to the widespread problems in cities, the effect of the horizontal distribution of the city of agricultural lands around the city and the conversion of these lands into urban levels has been determined that about 2635 hectares from 1958 to 2018 of arable land has been converted into a city and this The trend continues This part of our results is the study of Karimi Firoozjaee et al. (2018) are straightforward. The results obtained from the Holdern equation show that during the 3 decades 1958 to 1988 the unstable growth of the city was more due to the horizontal distribution of Babol, but in the 3 decades 1986 to 2018 most of the physical growth of the city was due to population growth and urban distribution trend This part of the results is in line with the results of the study of Alavi et al. (2017), which indicates a decrease in gross density and the annexation of peripheral areas to the city of Babol. From 1958 to 2016, 16 villages were merged and annexed to the city of Babol, and these villages are now part of the neighborhoods of this city. In fact, it can be said that the continuous texture built around the city consists of residential centers, streets, green space, etc. Agricultural lands have occurred with the merger and annexation of the surrounding villages, and the scattering of the city has occurred in a connected manner along the axes and separately with the change of agricultural land use in the surrounding rural areas.